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Characterization of microencapsulated and impregnated porous host materials based on calcium chloride for thermochemical energy storage

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  • Gaeini, M.
  • Rouws, A.L.
  • Salari, J.W.O.
  • Zondag, H.A.
  • Rindt, C.C.M.

Abstract

Thermochemical heat storage in salt hydrates is a promising method to improve the solar fraction in the built environment. The major concern at this stage is liquefaction followed by washing out of active material and agglomeration into large chunks of salt, thus deteriorating the diffusive properties of the porous salt hydrate structure. In this work, specific attention is given to the methods to stabilize a sample salt hydrate. Attempts have been made to stabilize calcium chloride by impregnation in expanded natural graphite and vermiculite, and by microencapsulation with ethyl cellulose. The effect of these stabilization methods on the performance of the material, such as kinetics and energy density, is investigated. Characterization of the materials is carried out with combined Thermo-Gravitational Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) methods and microscopic observation, in order to evaluate the improvements on the basis of three subjects: reaction kinetics, heat storage density and stability. Within the boundary conditions for thermochemical energy storage as presented in this work, microencapsulated calcium chloride showed high multicyclic stability, compared with pure and impregnated materials, that liquefy upon hydration under the given conditions. Microencapsulated material remains stable over multiple cycles and at the same time shows the faster kinetics, but has a lower volumetric energy storage density.

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  • Gaeini, M. & Rouws, A.L. & Salari, J.W.O. & Zondag, H.A. & Rindt, C.C.M., 2018. "Characterization of microencapsulated and impregnated porous host materials based on calcium chloride for thermochemical energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1165-1177.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:212:y:2018:i:c:p:1165-1177
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.12.131
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    15. Scapino, Luca & Zondag, Herbert A. & Diriken, Jan & Rindt, Camilo C.M. & Van Bael, Johan & Sciacovelli, Adriano, 2019. "Modeling the performance of a sorption thermal energy storage reactor using artificial neural networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    16. Bennici, Simona & Dutournié, Patrick & Cathalan, Jérémy & Zbair, Mohamed & Nguyen, Minh Hoang & Scuiller, Elliot & Vaulot, Cyril, 2022. "Heat storage: Hydration investigation of MgSO4/active carbon composites, from material development to domestic applications scenarios," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    17. Wyttenbach, Joël & Bougard, Jacques & Descy, Gilbert & Skrylnyk, Oleksandr & Courbon, Emilie & Frère, Marc & Bruyat, Fabien, 2018. "Performances and modelling of a circular moving bed thermochemical reactor for seasonal storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 803-815.
    18. Bryan Li & Louise Buisson & Ruby-Jean Clark & Svetlana Ushak & Mohammed Farid, 2024. "A Eutectic Mixture of Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate and Bischofite with Promising Performance for Thermochemical Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-18, January.
    19. Mazur, Natalia & Blijlevens, Melian A.R. & Ruliaman, Rick & Fischer, Hartmut & Donkers, Pim & Meekes, Hugo & Vlieg, Elias & Adan, Olaf & Huinink, Henk, 2023. "Revisiting salt hydrate selection for domestic heat storage applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    20. Zhang, Yong & Hu, Mingke & Chen, Ziwei & Su, Yuehong & Riffat, Saffa, 2024. "Exploring a novel tubular-type modular reactor for solar-driven thermochemical energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    21. Liu, Xiao & Liu, Xin & Yang, Fangming & Wu, Yupeng, 2024. "Experimental investigation of low-temperature fluidised bed thermochemical energy storage with salt-mesoporous silica composite materials," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 362(C).

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