IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v180y2021icp353-371.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Azolla pinnata methyl ester production and process optimization using a novel heterogeneous catalyst

Author

Listed:
  • S, Prabakaran
  • T, Mohanraj
  • A, Arumugam

Abstract

This study concentrated on utilizing a novel heterogeneous dolomite catalyst in transesterification of Azolla pinnata algae oil with methanol to convert Azolla pinnata methyl ester (AME). The thermophysical properties of the catalyst were characterized by XRF, XRD, FTIR, and BET analysis. The optimized AME yield of 88.7% was obtained for the methanol to oil molar ratio (30:1), catalyst weight% (4 wt%), and operating temperature of (70 °C) through central composite design (CCD) in response surface methodology (RSM) technique. Five different proportions of Azolla pinnata methyl ester (AME) viz., 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 100% by volume were blended with 90%, 80%, 70%, 60% and 0% by volume of diesel. These AME test fuel blends were named AME10, AME20, AME30, AME40, and AME100. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751) standards followed to testing the thermophysical properties of prepared biodiesel. AME fuel blends were tested in the single-cylinder variable compression ratio (VCR) engine with varied compression ratios (CR) of 16:1, 17:1, and 18:1 for different loadings at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The performance, in-cylinder combustion, and exhaust emission results were concluded among five different diesel-AME blends at varied compression ratios. The obtained results for AME blends were compared with the diesel fuel under the same working conditions. At peak load condition, AME30 test fuel with CR18:1 gives a reduction of CO (14.0%), HC (12.06%) and smoke opacity (5.88%) and slight increment in NOx (2.46%) emissions as well as reduced BTE (10.20%) and increased BSEC (17.33%) were obtained related to diesel fuel. Better diffusion phase combustion was recorded for AME blends due to their higher cetane value than neat diesel.

Suggested Citation

  • S, Prabakaran & T, Mohanraj & A, Arumugam, 2021. "Azolla pinnata methyl ester production and process optimization using a novel heterogeneous catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 353-371.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:180:y:2021:i:c:p:353-371
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.08.073
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148121012398
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2021.08.073?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kumar, Shiva & Dinesha, P. & Rosen, Marc A., 2019. "Effect of injection pressure on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a biodiesel engine with cerium oxide nanoparticle additive," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 1163-1173.
    2. Nisar, Jan & Razaq, Rameez & Farooq, Muhammad & Iqbal, Munawar & Khan, Rafaqat Ali & Sayed, Murtaza & Shah, Afzal & Rahman, Inayat ur, 2017. "Enhanced biodiesel production from Jatropha oil using calcined waste animal bones as catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 111-119.
    3. Kumar, Himansh & Sarma, A.K. & Kumar, Pramod, 2020. "A comprehensive review on preparation, characterization, and combustion characteristics of microemulsion based hybrid biofuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    4. Zhen, Xudong & Wang, Yang & Liu, Daming, 2020. "Bio-butanol as a new generation of clean alternative fuel for SI (spark ignition) and CI (compression ignition) engines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 2494-2521.
    5. Sharma, Vikas & Duraisamy, Ganesh & Arumugum, Kanagaraj, 2020. "Impact of bio-mix fuel on performance, emission and combustion characteristics in a single cylinder DICI VCR engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 111-124.
    6. Tamilselvan, P. & Nallusamy, N. & Rajkumar, S., 2017. "A comprehensive review on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel fuelled diesel engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1134-1159.
    7. Vellaiyan, Suresh, 2020. "Enhancement in combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a biodiesel-fueled diesel engine by using water emulsion and nanoadditive," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 2108-2120.
    8. Hawi, Meshack & Elwardany, Ahmed & Ookawara, Shinichi & Ahmed, Mahmoud, 2019. "Effect of compression ratio on performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of compression ignition engine fueled with jojoba methyl ester," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 632-645.
    9. Ramalingam, Senthil & Rajendran, Silambarasan & Ganesan, Pranesh & Govindasamy, Mohan, 2018. "Effect of operating parameters and antioxidant additives with biodiesels to improve the performance and reducing the emissions in a compression ignition engine – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 775-788.
    10. Foroutan, Rauf & Mohammadi, Reza & Razeghi, Jafar & Ramavandi, Bahman, 2021. "Biodiesel production from edible oils using algal biochar/CaO/K2CO3 as a heterogeneous and recyclable catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 1207-1216.
    11. Chamkalani, A. & Zendehboudi, S. & Rezaei, N. & Hawboldt, K., 2020. "A critical review on life cycle analysis of algae biodiesel: current challenges and future prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    12. Arumugam, A. & Thulasidharan, D. & Jegadeesan, Gautham B., 2018. "Process optimization of biodiesel production from Hevea brasiliensis oil using lipase immobilized on spherical silica aerogel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(PA), pages 755-761.
    13. George Anastopoulos & Ypatia Zannikou & Stamoulis Stournas & Stamatis Kalligeros, 2009. "Transesterification of Vegetable Oils with Ethanol and Characterization of the Key Fuel Properties of Ethyl Esters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 2(2), pages 1-15, June.
    14. Muralidharan, K. & Vasudevan, D., 2011. "Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine using methyl esters of waste cooking oil and diesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(11), pages 3959-3968.
    15. Arumugam, A. & Sankaranarayanan, Pooja, 2020. "Biodiesel production and parameter optimization: An approach to utilize residual ash from sugarcane leaf, a novel heterogeneous catalyst, from Calophyllum inophyllum oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 1272-1282.
    16. Laskar, Ikbal Bahar & Gupta, Rajat & Chatterjee, Sushovan & Vanlalveni, Chhangte & Rokhum, Lalthazuala, 2020. "Taming waste: Waste Mangifera indica peel as a sustainable catalyst for biodiesel production at room temperature," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 207-220.
    17. Muralidharan, K. & Vasudevan, D. & Sheeba, K.N., 2011. "Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuelled variable compression ratio engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 5385-5393.
    18. Suresh, M. & Jawahar, C.P. & Richard, Arun, 2018. "A review on biodiesel production, combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of non-edible oils in variable compression ratio diesel engine using biodiesel and its blends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 38-49.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gad, M.S. & Abu-Elyazeed, O.S. & Mohamed, M.A. & Hashim, A.M., 2021. "Effect of oil blends derived from catalytic pyrolysis of waste cooking oil on diesel engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    2. Mohamed Mohamed & Chee-Keong Tan & Ali Fouda & Mohammed Saber Gad & Osayed Abu-Elyazeed & Abdel-Fatah Hashem, 2020. "Diesel Engine Performance, Emissions and Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel and Its Blends Derived from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Cooking Oil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-13, October.
    3. Oumer, A.N. & Hasan, M.M. & Baheta, Aklilu Tesfamichael & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, A.A., 2018. "Bio-based liquid fuels as a source of renewable energy: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 82-98.
    4. Daimary, Niran & Boruah, Pankaj & Eldiehy, Khalifa S.H. & Pegu, Tapan & Bardhan, Pritam & Bora, Utpal & Mandal, Manabendra & Deka, Dhanapati, 2022. "Musa acuminata peel: A bioresource for bio-oil and by-product utilization as a sustainable source of renewable green catalyst for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 450-462.
    5. Zheng, Zunqing & Wang, XiaoFeng & Zhong, Xiaofan & Hu, Bin & Liu, Haifeng & Yao, Mingfa, 2016. "Experimental study on the combustion and emissions fueling biodiesel/n-butanol, biodiesel/ethanol and biodiesel/2,5-dimethylfuran on a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 539-549.
    6. Gonca, Guven & Dobrucali, Erinc, 2016. "Theoretical and experimental study on the performance of a diesel engine fueled with diesel–biodiesel blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 658-666.
    7. Teoh, Y.H. & How, H.G. & Masjuki, H.H. & Nguyen, H.-T. & Kalam, M.A. & Alabdulkarem, A., 2019. "Investigation on particulate emissions and combustion characteristics of a common-rail diesel engine fueled with Moringa oleifera biodiesel-diesel blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 521-534.
    8. E, Jiaqiang & Pham, MinhHieu & Deng, Yuanwang & Nguyen, Tuannghia & Duy, VinhNguyen & Le, DucHieu & Zuo, Wei & Peng, Qingguo & Zhang, Zhiqing, 2018. "Effects of injection timing and injection pressure on performance and exhaust emissions of a common rail diesel engine fueled by various concentrations of fish-oil biodiesel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 979-989.
    9. Hoseini, S.S. & Najafi, G. & Ghobadian, B. & Mamat, Rizalman & Sidik, Nor Azwadi Che & Azmi, W.H., 2017. "The effect of combustion management on diesel engine emissions fueled with biodiesel-diesel blends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 307-331.
    10. Manimaran, Rajayokkiam & Mohanraj, Thangavelu & Venkatesan, Moorthy & Ganesan, Rajamohan & Balasubramanian, Dhinesh, 2022. "A computational technique for prediction and optimization of VCR engine performance and emission parameters fuelled with Trichosanthes cucumerina biodiesel using RSM with desirability function approac," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    11. EL-Seesy, Ahmed I. & Hassan, Hamdy, 2019. "Investigation of the effect of adding graphene oxide, graphene nanoplatelet, and multiwalled carbon nanotube additives with n-butanol-Jatropha methyl ester on a diesel engine performance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 558-574.
    12. Mahmudul, H.M. & Hagos, F.Y. & Mamat, R. & Adam, A. Abdul & Ishak, W.F.W. & Alenezi, R., 2017. "Production, characterization and performance of biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 497-509.
    13. Dong Lin Loo & Yew Heng Teoh & Heoy Geok How & Jun Sheng Teh & Liviu Catalin Andrei & Slađana Starčević & Farooq Sher, 2021. "Applications Characteristics of Different Biodiesel Blends in Modern Vehicles Engines: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-31, August.
    14. Kurji, H. & Valera-Medina, A. & Runyon, J. & Giles, A. & Pugh, D. & Marsh, R. & Cerone, N. & Zimbardi, F. & Valerio, V., 2016. "Combustion characteristics of biodiesel saturated with pyrolysis oil for power generation in gas turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 443-451.
    15. Lani, Nurul Saadiah & Ngadi, Norzita & Haron, Saharudin & Mohammed Inuwa, Ibrahim & Anako Opotu, Lawal, 2024. "The catalytic effect of calcium oxide and magnetite loading on magnetically supported calcium oxide-zeolite catalyst for biodiesel production from used cooking oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    16. Haseeb Yaqoob & Yew Heng Teoh & Farooq Sher & Muhammad Umer Farooq & Muhammad Ahmad Jamil & Zareena Kausar & Noor Us Sabah & Muhammad Faizan Shah & Hafiz Zia Ur Rehman & Atiq Ur Rehman, 2021. "Potential of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel as Renewable Fuel in Combustion Engines: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-20, April.
    17. Barik, Debabrata & Murugan, S., 2014. "Investigation on combustion performance and emission characteristics of a DI (direct injection) diesel engine fueled with biogas–diesel in dual fuel mode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 760-771.
    18. Chattopadhyay, Soham & Sen, Ramkrishna, 2013. "Fuel properties, engine performance and environmental benefits of biodiesel produced by a green process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 319-326.
    19. El-Seesy, Ahmed I. & Hassan, Hamdy & Ookawara, S., 2018. "Effects of graphene nanoplatelet addition to jatropha Biodiesel–Diesel mixture on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 1129-1152.
    20. Ghadikolaei, Meisam Ahmadi & Wong, Pak Kin & Cheung, Chun Shun & Ning, Zhi & Yung, Ka-Fu & Zhao, Jing & Gali, Nirmal Kumar & Berenjestanaki, Alireza Valipour, 2021. "Impact of lower and higher alcohols on the physicochemical properties of particulate matter from diesel engines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:180:y:2021:i:c:p:353-371. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.