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Enhanced biodiesel production from Jatropha oil using calcined waste animal bones as catalyst

Author

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  • Nisar, Jan
  • Razaq, Rameez
  • Farooq, Muhammad
  • Iqbal, Munawar
  • Khan, Rafaqat Ali
  • Sayed, Murtaza
  • Shah, Afzal
  • Rahman, Inayat ur

Abstract

This study is focused on the investigation of animal bones modified with potassium hydroxide (KOH) as heterogeneous solid base catalyst for transesterification of non-edible Jatropha oil. The prepared catalyst was characterized by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The prepared catalyst had a high catalytic activity for transesterification. In addition, the catalyst had excellent stability, there by having potential use as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from Jatropha oil with a high free fatty acid (FFA) yield. The experimental results revealed the optimal parametric conditions viz. methanol/oil molar ratio, 9:1, calcination temperature, 900 °C and catalyst concentration, 6.0 wt % of oil corresponding to a maximum fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield of 96.1% at temperature of 70 ± 3 °C in reaction time of 3 h. Reusability results of the prepared catalyst confirmed that it could be reutilized up to 4 times without losing much activity, thus giving birth to a potentially applicable possibility in biodiesel production.

Suggested Citation

  • Nisar, Jan & Razaq, Rameez & Farooq, Muhammad & Iqbal, Munawar & Khan, Rafaqat Ali & Sayed, Murtaza & Shah, Afzal & Rahman, Inayat ur, 2017. "Enhanced biodiesel production from Jatropha oil using calcined waste animal bones as catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 111-119.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:101:y:2017:i:c:p:111-119
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.08.048
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Umbach, Frank, 2010. "Global energy security and the implications for the EU," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 1229-1240, March.
    2. Meher, L.C. & Vidya Sagar, D. & Naik, S.N., 2006. "Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification--a review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 248-268, June.
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