IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v176y2021icp322-333.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effects of ethanol and aromatic compositions on regulated and unregulated emissions of E10-fuelled China-6 compliant gasoline direct injection vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • Zhang, Mengzhu
  • Ge, Yunshan
  • Wang, Xin
  • Xu, Hongming
  • Tan, Jianwei
  • Hao, Lijun

Abstract

This research examined the effects of ethanol and aromatic compositions in E10 match-blends on the exhaust regulated, greenhouse gases, and unregulated toxic emissions of five China-6 compliant gasoline direct injection vehicles at room and low ambient temperatures. Emissions of a China-6 compliant gasoline and four E10 match-blends having roughly the same total aromatic concentration but containing different aromatic compositions were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, gas chromatogram-mass spectrometer, and high-performance liquid chromatogram. The results show that ethanol content decreases the fleet-averaged regulated gas and particulate mass (PM) emissions and increases the particulate number (PN), benzene, and toluene emissions. As the aromatic compositions in E10 match-blends shift from toluene to C8 and C9 aromatics, PM and PN emissions significantly increase. The low temperature leads to higher emission factors than the room temperature, especially the emissions from the fuel with more toluene content. C8 and C9 aromatics are found to have larger impacts on PM emissions but smaller impacts on PN emissions than the C10 and C10+ aromatics. It is noticed that benzene emissions at the low temperature heavily depend on the fuel toluene concentration.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Mengzhu & Ge, Yunshan & Wang, Xin & Xu, Hongming & Tan, Jianwei & Hao, Lijun, 2021. "Effects of ethanol and aromatic compositions on regulated and unregulated emissions of E10-fuelled China-6 compliant gasoline direct injection vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 322-333.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:176:y:2021:i:c:p:322-333
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.03.029
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148121003839
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2021.03.029?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhu, Rencheng & Hu, Jingnan & Bao, Xiaofeng & He, Liqiang & Zu, Lei, 2017. "Effects of aromatics, olefins and distillation temperatures (T50 & T90) on particle mass and number emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 185-193.
    2. Li, Zhengqi & Liu, Guangkui & Zhu, Qunyi & Chen, Zhichao & Ren, Feng, 2011. "Combustion and NOx emission characteristics of a retrofitted down-fired 660Â MWe utility boiler at different loads," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(7), pages 2400-2406, July.
    3. Clairotte, M. & Adam, T.W. & Zardini, A.A. & Manfredi, U. & Martini, G. & Krasenbrink, A. & Vicet, A. & Tournié, E. & Astorga, C., 2013. "Effects of low temperature on the cold start gaseous emissions from light duty vehicles fuelled by ethanol-blended gasoline," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 44-54.
    4. Storch, Michael & Hinrichsen, Florian & Wensing, Michael & Will, Stefan & Zigan, Lars, 2015. "The effect of ethanol blending on mixture formation, combustion and soot emission studied in an optical DISI engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 783-792.
    5. García, Antonio & Monsalve-Serrano, Javier & Martínez-Boggio, Santiago & Rückert Roso, Vinícius & Duarte Souza Alvarenga Santos, Nathália, 2020. "Potential of bio-ethanol in different advanced combustion modes for hybrid passenger vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 58-77.
    6. Vogt, Kristiina A. & Vogt, Daniel J. & Patel-Weynand, Toral & Upadhye, Ravi & Edlund, David & Edmonds, Robert L. & Gordon, John C. & Suntana, Asep S. & Sigurdardottir, Ragnhildur & Miller, Michael & R, 2009. "Bio-methanol: How energy choices in the western United States can help mitigate global climate change," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 233-241.
    7. Hu, Zhiyuan & Pu, Gengqiang & Fang, Fang & Wang, Chengtao, 2004. "Economics, environment, and energy life cycle assessment of automobiles fueled by bio-ethanol blends in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(14), pages 2183-2192.
    8. Catapano, Francesco & Sementa, Paolo & Vaglieco, Bianca Maria, 2016. "Air-fuel mixing and combustion behavior of gasoline-ethanol blends in a GDI wall-guided turbocharged multi-cylinder optical engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 319-332.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Qian, Yong & Li, Zilong & Yu, Liang & Wang, Xiaole & Lu, Xingcai, 2019. "Review of the state-of-the-art of particulate matter emissions from modern gasoline fueled engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 1269-1298.
    2. Eckert, Jony Javorski & Silva, Fabrício L. & da Silva, Samuel Filgueira & Bueno, André Valente & de Oliveira, Mona Lisa Moura & Silva, Ludmila C.A., 2022. "Optimal design and power management control of hybrid biofuel–electric powertrain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    3. Zhang, Xin & Chen, Zhichao & Hou, Jian & Liu, Zheng & Zeng, Lingyan & Li, Zhengqi, 2022. "Evaluation of wide-range coal combustion performance of a novel down-fired combustion technology based on gas–solid two-phase flow characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    4. Sittijunda, Sureewan & Reungsang, Alissara, 2020. "Valorization of crude glycerol into hydrogen, 1,3-propanediol, and ethanol in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor under thermophilic conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 361-372.
    5. Amaral, Lucimar Venâncio & Santos, Nathália Duarte Souza Alvarenga & Roso, Vinícius Rückert & Sebastião, Rita de Cássia de Oliveira & Pujatti, Fabrício José Pacheco, 2021. "Effects of gasoline composition on engine performance, exhaust gases and operational costs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    6. Nabi, M.N. & Rasul, M.G. & Rahman, S.M.A. & Dowell, Ashley & Ristovski, Z.D. & Brown, R.J., 2019. "Study of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a common rail diesel engine with tea tree oil-diglyme blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 216-228.
    7. Di Battista, D. & Cipollone, R., 2016. "Experimental and numerical assessment of methods to reduce warm up time of engine lubricant oil," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 570-580.
    8. Sajad Koochakinia & Amir Ebrahimi-Moghadam & Mahdi Deymi-Dashtebayaz, 2022. "Techno-Environmental Analyses and Optimization of a Utility Boiler Based on Real Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-19, February.
    9. Mendiburu, Andrés Z. & Lauermann, Carlos H. & Hayashi, Thamy C. & Mariños, Diego J. & Rodrigues da Costa, Roberto Berlini & Coronado, Christian J.R. & Roberts, Justo J. & de Carvalho, João A., 2022. "Ethanol as a renewable biofuel: Combustion characteristics and application in engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    10. García-Gusano, Diego & Iribarren, Diego, 2018. "Prospective energy security scenarios in Spain: The future role of renewable power generation technologies and climate change implications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 202-209.
    11. Lee, Ziyoung & Park, Sungwook, 2020. "Particulate and gaseous emissions from a direct-injection spark ignition engine fueled with bioethanol and gasoline blends at ultra-high injection pressure," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 80-90.
    12. Goel, Varun & Kumar, Naresh & Singh, Paramvir, 2018. "Impact of modified parameters on diesel engine characteristics using biodiesel: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2716-2729.
    13. Deng, Yuanwang & Liu, Huawei & Zhao, Xiaohuan & E, Jiaqiang & Chen, Jianmei, 2018. "Effects of cold start control strategy on cold start performance of the diesel engine based on a comprehensive preheat diesel engine model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 279-287.
    14. García, Antonio & Monsalve-Serrano, Javier & Martinez-Boggio, Santiago & Gaillard, Patrick, 2021. "Emissions reduction by using e-components in 48 V mild hybrid trucks under dual-mode dual-fuel combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    15. Liu, Huacai & Huang, Yanqin & Yuan, Hongyou & Yin, Xiuli & Wu, Chuangzhi, 2018. "Life cycle assessment of biofuels in China: Status and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 301-322.
    16. D'Agosto, Márcio de Almeida & Ribeiro, Suzana Kahn, 2009. "Assessing total and renewable energy in Brazilian automotive fuels. A life cycle inventory (LCI) approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1326-1337, August.
    17. Wang, Xin & Ge, Yunshan & Zhang, Chuanzhen & Tan, Jianwei & Hao, Lijun & Liu, Jia & Gong, Huiming, 2016. "Effects of engine misfire on regulated, unregulated emissions from a methanol-fueled vehicle and its ozone forming potential," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 187-195.
    18. Ling, Zhongqian & Ling, Bo & Kuang, Min & Li, Zhengqi & Lu, Ye, 2017. "Comparison of airflow, coal combustion, NOx emissions, and slagging characteristics among three large-scale MBEL down-fired boilers manufactured at different times," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 689-705.
    19. Li, Xiaoyan & Zhen, Xudong & Wang, Yang & Tian, Zhi, 2022. "Numerical comparative study on performance and emissions characteristics fueled with methanol, ethanol and methane in high compression spark ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    20. Wu, Shaohua & Yang, Wenming & Xu, Hongpeng & Jiang, Yu, 2019. "Investigation of soot aggregate formation and oxidation in compression ignition engines with a pseudo bi-variate soot model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:176:y:2021:i:c:p:322-333. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.