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Biodiesel production via transesterification of canola oil in the presence of Na–K doped CaO derived from calcined eggshell

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  • Khatibi, Maryam
  • Khorasheh, Farhad
  • Larimi, Afsanehsadat

Abstract

CaO derived from calcined eggshell was doped with Na–K by wet impregnation method and the effect of different Na/K molar ratios was investigated on biodiesel production from canola oil. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses. FAME yields were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The Na–K/CaO catalyst with Na/K molar ratio of 1 showed the highest FAME yield of 97.6% at optimum reaction conditions. Structural investigation of materials revealed that FAME yield was proportional to the number of basic sites on the surface of catalyst. The optimum reaction conditions were found to be catalyst loading of 3 wt%, methanol to oil molar ratio of 9:1, reaction temperature of 50 °C, and reaction time of 3 h.

Suggested Citation

  • Khatibi, Maryam & Khorasheh, Farhad & Larimi, Afsanehsadat, 2021. "Biodiesel production via transesterification of canola oil in the presence of Na–K doped CaO derived from calcined eggshell," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1626-1636.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:163:y:2021:i:c:p:1626-1636
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.10.039
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kaur, Mandeep & Ali, Amjad, 2014. "Ethanolysis of waste cottonseed oil over lithium impregnated calcium oxide: Kinetics and reusability studies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 272-279.
    2. Tan, Yie Hua & Abdullah, Mohammad Omar & Kansedo, Jibrail & Mubarak, Nabisab Mujawar & Chan, Yen San & Nolasco-Hipolito, Cirilo, 2019. "Biodiesel production from used cooking oil using green solid catalyst derived from calcined fusion waste chicken and fish bones," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 696-706.
    3. AlSharifi, Mariam & Znad, Hussein, 2019. "Development of a lithium based chicken bone (Li-Cb) composite as an efficient catalyst for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 856-864.
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    2. Xia, Shaige & Li, Jian & Chen, Guanyi & Tao, Junyu & Li, Wanqing & Zhu, Guangbin, 2022. "Magnetic reusable acid-base bifunctional Co doped Fe2O3–CaO nanocatalysts for biodiesel production from soybean oil and waste frying oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 421-434.
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    4. Behdad Shadidi & Gholamhassan Najafi & Mohammad Ali Zolfigol, 2022. "A Review of the Existing Potentials in Biodiesel Production in Iran," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-18, March.

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