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Optimization and kinetic study of ultrasonic-mediated in situ transesterification for biodiesel production from the almonds of Syagrus cearensis

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  • Pascoal, C.V.P.
  • Oliveira, A.L.L.
  • Figueiredo, D.D.
  • Assunção, J.C.C.

Abstract

In this research, the effectiveness of ultrasonic transesterification in situ was appraised with the aim of biodiesel synthesis from almonds of Syagrus cearensis, commonly known as Catolé. This raw material was investigated as an innovative and non-conventional alternative for biodiesel production. S. cearensis appears in this article as an energy source with valuable sustainable factors, allowing for financial savings and low environmental impact compared to fossil fuels. Influences of ultrasonic energy on different process variable were elucidated. An experimental design was applied, employing 4 main factors (type and proportion of catalyst, the proportion of methanol and reaction time) to evaluate the effect of the process variables and determine the optimal conditions for biodiesel production. The present study revealed two main factors interactions, ratio, and type of catalyst, which had significant effects on the ultrasonic-assisted in situ transesterification based on statistical evaluation. The results indicated as optimal conditions: basic catalyst (KOH), 5 wt % catalyst, 1:6 methanol: oil (molar ratio) and reaction time of 30 (min). Besides, a kinetic study exposed that the ultrasonic assistance in situ transesterification reaction complies properly with first-order kinetics and activation energy of 27.53 kJ.mol-1. Yields of up to 99.99% conversion to biodiesel were achieved in the present study. By the results, it is possible to affirm that the in situ transesterification of S. cearensis almonds associated with the ultrasound technique was effective for the production of biodiesel proving the benefit of utilizing S. cearensis a new feedstock for biofuels production in Brazil.

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  • Pascoal, C.V.P. & Oliveira, A.L.L. & Figueiredo, D.D. & Assunção, J.C.C., 2020. "Optimization and kinetic study of ultrasonic-mediated in situ transesterification for biodiesel production from the almonds of Syagrus cearensis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1815-1824.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:147:y:2020:i:p1:p:1815-1824
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.122
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    3. Mohsin Raza & Abrar Inayat & Basim Abu-Jdayil, 2021. "Crude Glycerol as a Potential Feedstock for Future Energy via Thermochemical Conversion Processes: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-27, November.
    4. Aline Scaramuzza Aquino & Milena Fernandes da Silva & Thiago Silva de Almeida & Filipe Neimaier Bilheri & Attilio Converti & James Correia de Melo, 2022. "Mapping of Alternative Oilseeds from the Brazilian Caatinga and Assessment of Catalytic Pathways toward Biofuels Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-25, September.
    5. Elgharbawy, Abdallah S. & Ali, Rehab M., 2022. "Techno-economic assessment of the biodiesel production using natural minerals rocks as a heterogeneous catalyst via conventional and ultrasonic techniques," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 161-175.
    6. Alves, José Luiz Francisco & da Silva, Jean Constantino Gomes & Mumbach, Guilherme Davi & de Sena, Rennio Felix & Machado, Ricardo Antonio Francisco & Marangoni, Cintia, 2022. "Prospection of catole coconut (Syagrus cearensis) as a new bioenergy feedstock: Insights from physicochemical characterization, pyrolysis kinetics, and thermodynamics parameters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 207-218.

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