IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/matcom/v227y2025icp442-460.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effect of fear and non-linear predator harvesting on a predator–prey system in presence of environmental variability

Author

Listed:
  • Paul, Biswajit
  • Sikdar, Gopal Chandra
  • Ghosh, Uttam

Abstract

In this paper, we have proposed and analyzed a predator–prey system introducing the cost of predation fear into the prey reproduction with Holling type-II functional response in the stochastic environment with the consideration of non-linear harvesting on predators. The system experiences Transcritical, Saddle–node, Hopf, and Bogdanov-Taken (BT) bifurcation with respect to the intrinsic growth rate and competition rate of the prey populations. We have discussed the existence and uniqueness of positive global solution of the stochastic model with the help of Ito’s integral formula and the long-term behavior of the solution is derived here. The existence of stationary distribution and explicit form of the density function is established here when only prey populations survive or both populations. We have shown that due to high fluctuation, the regime changes from one stable state to another state when bistability occurs in the system. The paper ends with some conclusions.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul, Biswajit & Sikdar, Gopal Chandra & Ghosh, Uttam, 2025. "Effect of fear and non-linear predator harvesting on a predator–prey system in presence of environmental variability," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 227(C), pages 442-460.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:matcom:v:227:y:2025:i:c:p:442-460
    DOI: 10.1016/j.matcom.2024.08.021
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378475424003239
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.matcom.2024.08.021?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:matcom:v:227:y:2025:i:c:p:442-460. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/mathematics-and-computers-in-simulation/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.