IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/joreco/v79y2024ics0969698924001875.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Saudi millennials’ panic buying behavior during pandemic and post-pandemic: Role of social media addiction and religious values and commitment

Author

Listed:
  • Dash, Ganesh
  • Alharthi, Majed
  • Albarrak, Mansour
  • Aggarwal, Shalini

Abstract

The latest version of the pandemic ravaged the world for almost three years. The world is slowly coming back to normal. Behavioral sciences tried to assess its impact on consumer behavior, and panic buying behavior has become a most sought-after domain for current researchers. Millennials were the most affected as they were at the beginning of their career, and COVID-19 disrupted their plans massively. This study assesses the panic buying behavior of millennials during pandemic and post-pandemic scenarios. Scarcity and uncertainty are used as antecedents. Two opposite moderators, social media addiction and religious values and commitment, are taken as moderators. Five hundred-seven Saudi millennials participated in this study. Building upon the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) along with the latest literature, the conceptual model was proposed using the S–O–B–C (Stimulus/Situation-Organisms-Behavior-Consequences) framework. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the proposed hypotheses. There was no sense of scarcity, panic buying behavior, or social media addiction. On the other hand, there was a high sense of uncertainty, high religious values and commitment, and a positive post-pandemic buying intention. A low sense of scarcity positively impacts panic buying behavior, which was also low, but a heightened sense of uncertainty has a negative effect. Panic buying behavior had no impact on the post-pandemic intentions, which was positive. Social media addiction (low) and religious values and commitment (high) affected the existing direct relationships. The results were unique and broke many myths. The study has specific implications for all the stakeholders.

Suggested Citation

  • Dash, Ganesh & Alharthi, Majed & Albarrak, Mansour & Aggarwal, Shalini, 2024. "Saudi millennials’ panic buying behavior during pandemic and post-pandemic: Role of social media addiction and religious values and commitment," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:joreco:v:79:y:2024:i:c:s0969698924001875
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103891
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969698924001875
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103891?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fastoso, Fernando & González-Jiménez, Héctor & Cometto, Teresa, 2021. "Mirror, mirror on my phone: Drivers and consequences of selfie editing," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 365-375.
    2. Stefano Pace, 2013. "Does Religion Affect the Materialism of Consumers? An Empirical Investigation of Buddhist Ethics and the Resistance of the Self," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 112(1), pages 25-46, January.
    3. Baboo, Shabanaz & Nunkoo, Robin & Kock, Florian, 2022. "Social media attachment: Conceptualization and formative index construction," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 437-447.
    4. So Young Bae & Po-Ju Chang, 2021. "The effect of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) risk perception on behavioural intention towards ‘untact’ tourism in South Korea during the first wave of the pandemic (March 2020)," Current Issues in Tourism, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(7), pages 1017-1035, April.
    5. Naeem Akhtar & Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar & Muhammad Usman & Moazzam Ali & Umar Iqbal Siddiqi, 2020. "COVID-19 restrictions and consumers’ psychological reactance toward offline shopping freedom restoration," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(13-14), pages 891-913, October.
    6. Sheth, Jagdish, 2020. "Impact of Covid-19 on consumer behavior: Will the old habits return or die?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 280-283.
    7. Okazaki, Shintaro & Schuberth, Florian & Tagashira, Takumi & Andrade, Victoria, 2021. "Sneaking the dark side of brand engagement into Instagram: The dual theory of passion," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 493-505.
    8. Aziz, Ghazala & Sarwar, Suleman, 2023. "Revisit the role of governance indicators to achieve sustainable economic growth of Saudi Arabia – pre and post implementation of 2030 Vision," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 213-227.
    9. Chakraborty, Debarun & Singu, Hari Babu & Patre, Smruti, 2022. "Fitness Apps's purchase behaviour: Amalgamation of Stimulus-Organism-Behaviour-Consequence framework (S–O–B–C) and the innovation resistance theory (IRT)," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    10. Cruz-Cárdenas, Jorge & Zabelina, Ekaterina & Guadalupe-Lanas, Jorge & Palacio-Fierro, Andrés & Ramos-Galarza, Carlos, 2021. "COVID-19, consumer behavior, technology, and society: A literature review and bibliometric analysis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    11. Nadine Hennigs & Klaus-Peter Wiedmann & Christiane Klarmann & Suzane Strehlau & Bruno Godey & Daniele Pederzoli & Agnes Neulinger & Kartik Dave & Gaetano Aiello & Raffaele Donvito & Koyama Taro & Jank, 2012. "What is the value of luxury? A cross-cultural consumer perspective," Post-Print hal-00779336, HAL.
    12. Yuen, Kum Fai & Tan, Lydia Sonia & Wong, Yiik Diew & Wang, Xueqin, 2022. "Social determinants of panic buying behaviour amidst COVID-19 pandemic: The role of perceived scarcity and anticipated regret," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    13. Ganesh Dash, 2023. "A Bibliometric Analysis of Panic-Buying Behavior during a Pandemic: Insights from COVID-19 and Recommendations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-13, January.
    14. Gong, Xiushuang & Zhang, Honghong & Fan, Yafeng, 2021. "To conform or deviate? The effect of resource scarcity on consumer preference for minority-endorsed options," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 437-446.
    15. Perry, Monica L. & Sengupta, Sanjit & Krapfel, Robert, 2004. "Effectiveness of horizontal strategic alliances in technologically uncertain environments: are trust and commitment enough?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 57(9), pages 951-956, September.
    16. Ravi Mehta & Meng Zhu, 2016. "Creating When You Have Less: The Impact of Resource Scarcity on Product Use Creativity," Journal of Consumer Research, Oxford University Press, vol. 42(5), pages 767-782.
    17. Ma, Jieqiong & Hong, JungHwa & Yoo, Boonghee & Yang, Jie, 2021. "The effect of religious commitment and global identity on purchase intention of luxury fashion products: A cross-cultural study," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 244-254.
    18. Scott Vitell, 2015. "A Case for Consumer Social Responsibility (CnSR): Including a Selected Review of Consumer Ethics/Social Responsibility Research," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 130(4), pages 767-774, September.
    19. Sun, Ying & Leng, Ke & Xiong, Haitao, 2022. "Research on the influencing factors of consumers’ green purchase behavior in the post-pandemic era," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    20. Ali Razzaq & Nabeel Younus Ansari & Zohaib Razzaq & Hayat Muhammad Awan, 2018. "The Impact of Fashion Involvement and Pro-Environmental Attitude on Sustainable Clothing Consumption: The Moderating Role of Islamic Religiosity," SAGE Open, , vol. 8(2), pages 21582440187, June.
    21. Dash, Ganesh & Paul, Justin, 2021. "CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM methods for research in social sciences and technology forecasting," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    22. Amankwah-Amoah, Joseph & Adomako, Samuel & Berko, Damoah Obi, 2022. "Once bitten, twice shy? The relationship between business failure experience and entrepreneurial collaboration," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 983-992.
    23. Linying (Sophie) Fan & Xueni (Shirley) Li & Yuwei Jiang & Gita V JoharEditor & Amna KirmaniEditor & Rajesh BagchiAssociate Editor, 2019. "Room for Opportunity: Resource Scarcity Increases Attractiveness of Range Marketing Offers," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 46(1), pages 82-98.
    24. MacKenzie, Scott B. & Podsakoff, Philip M., 2012. "Common Method Bias in Marketing: Causes, Mechanisms, and Procedural Remedies," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 88(4), pages 542-555.
    25. Carolina Serrano Archimi & Emmanuelle Reynaud & Hina Mahboob Yasin & Zeeshan Ahmed Bhatti, 2018. "How Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility Affects Employee Cynicism: The Mediating Role of Organizational Trust," Post-Print hal-03510847, HAL.
    26. Prentice, Catherine & Nguyen, Mai & Nandy, Purnima & Aswin Winardi, Michael & Chen, Ying & Le Monkhouse, Lien & Dominique-Ferreira, Sergio & Stantic, Bela, 2021. "Relevant, or irrelevant, external factors in panic buying," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    27. Ma, Jieqiong & Yang, Jie & Yoo, Boonghee, 2020. "The moderating role of personal cultural values on consumer ethnocentrism in developing countries: The case of Brazil and Russia," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 375-389.
    28. Shaw, Norman & Eschenbrenner, Brenda & Baier, Daniel, 2022. "Online shopping continuance after COVID-19: A comparison of Canada, Germany and the United States," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    29. Jamal, Ahmad & Yaccob, Aqilah & Bartikowski, Boris & Slater, Stephanie, 2019. "Motivations to donate: Exploring the role of religiousness in charitable donations," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 319-327.
    30. Krishen, Anjala S. & Berezan, Orie & Agarwal, Shaurya & Kachroo, Pushkin, 2019. "Social media networking satisfaction in the US and Vietnam: Content versus connection," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 93-103.
    31. Hans Baumgartner & Bert Weijters & Rik Pieters, 2021. "The biasing effect of common method variance: some clarifications," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 49(2), pages 221-235, March.
    32. Peter J Jordan & Ashlea C Troth, 2020. "Common method bias in applied settings: The dilemma of researching in organizations," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 45(1), pages 3-14, February.
    33. Yang, Feifei & Shinkle, George A. & Goudsmit, Mirjam, 2022. "The efficacy of organizational control interactions: External environmental uncertainty as a critical contingency," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 855-868.
    34. Tandon, Anushree & Dhir, Amandeep & Islam, Nazrul & Talwar, Shalini & Mäntymäki, Matti, 2021. "Psychological and behavioral outcomes of social media-induced fear of missing out at the workplace," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 186-197.
    35. Pons, Frank & Mourali, Mehdi & Giroux, Marilyn, 2014. "The density–satisfaction relationship revisited: The role of scarcity and consumers affective reactions in a crowded retail situation," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 54-60.
    36. Agag, Gomaa & Aboul-Dahab, Sameh & Shehawy, Yasser Moustafa & Alamoudi, Hawazen O. & Alharthi, Majed D. & Hassan Abdelmoety, Ziad, 2022. "Impacts of COVID-19 on the post-pandemic behaviour: The role of mortality threats and religiosity," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    37. Fuller, Christie M. & Simmering, Marcia J. & Atinc, Guclu & Atinc, Yasemin & Babin, Barry J., 2016. "Common methods variance detection in business research," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(8), pages 3192-3198.
    38. Alamoudi, Hawazen & Shaikh, Aijaz A. & Alharthi, Majed & Dash, Ganesh, 2023. "With great power comes great responsibilities – Examining platform-based mechanisms and institutional trust in rideshare services," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    39. Kumar, Sushant & Murphy, Mikko & Talwar, Shalini & Kaur, Puneet & Dhir, Amandeep, 2021. "What drives brand love and purchase intentions toward the local food distribution system? A study of social media-based REKO (fair consumption) groups," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    40. Islam, Tahir & Pitafi, Abdul Hameed & Arya, Vikas & Wang, Ying & Akhtar, Naeem & Mubarik, Shujaat & Xiaobei, Liang, 2021. "Panic buying in the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-country examination," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    41. Peschel, Anne O., 2021. "Scarcity signaling in sales promotion: An evolutionary perspective of food choice and weight status," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    42. Mainolfi, Giada, 2020. "Exploring materialistic bandwagon behaviour in online fashion consumption: A survey of Chinese luxury consumers," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 286-293.
    43. Omar, Nor Asiah & Nazri, Muhamad Azrin & Ali, Mohd Helmi & Alam, Syed Shah, 2021. "The panic buying behavior of consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining the influences of uncertainty, perceptions of severity, perceptions of scarcity, and anxiety," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    44. Herjanto, Halimin & Amin, Muslim & Purington, Elizabeth F., 2021. "Panic buying: The effect of thinking style and situational ambiguity," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    45. Carolina Serrano Archimi & Emmanuelle Reynaud & Hina Mahboob Yasin & Zeeshan Ahmed Bhatti, 2018. "How Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility Affects Employee Cynicism: The Mediating Role of Organizational Trust," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 151(4), pages 907-921, September.
    46. Gupta, Shipra & Coskun, Merve, 2021. "The influence of human crowding and store messiness on consumer purchase intention– the role of contamination and scarcity perceptions," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    47. Naeem, Muhammad, 2021. "Do social media platforms develop consumer panic buying during the fear of Covid-19 pandemic," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    48. Johnstone, Leanne & Lindh, Cecilia, 2022. "Sustainably sustaining (online) fashion consumption: Using influencers to promote sustainable (un)planned behaviour in Europe's millennials," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    49. Chen, Tinggui & Jin, Yumei & Yang, Jianjun & Cong, Guodong, 2022. "Identifying emergence process of group panic buying behavior under the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    50. Eid, Riyad & El-Gohary, Hatem, 2015. "The role of Islamic religiosity on the relationship between perceived value and tourist satisfaction," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 477-488.
    51. Chakraborty, Debarun & Siddiqui, Aaliyah & Siddiqui, Mujahid & Mohmmad H Alatawi, Fatmah, 2022. "Exploring consumer purchase intentions and behavior of buying ayurveda products using SOBC framework," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    52. Felix, Reto & Hinsch, Chris & Rauschnabel, Philipp A. & Schlegelmilch, Bodo B., 2018. "Religiousness and environmental concern: A multilevel and multi-country analysis of the role of life satisfaction and indulgence," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 304-312.
    53. Laroche, Michel & Li, Rong & Richard, Marie-Odile & Zhou, Mi, 2022. "An investigation into online atmospherics: The effect of animated images on emotions, cognition, and purchase intentions," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    54. Talwar, Shalini & Kaur, Puneet & Yadav, Rambalak & Bilgihan, Anil & Dhir, Amandeep, 2021. "What drives diners' eco-friendly behaviour? The moderating role of planning routine," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Meng, Jie & Chen, Kai, 2024. "Rethinking preemptive consumption: Building mechanisms of reciprocity, contextuality, and risk hedging across scenarios," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    2. Soltanzadeh, Shima & Rafiee, Majid & Weber, Gerhard-Wilhelm, 2024. "Disruption, panic buying, and pricing: A comprehensive game-theoretic exploration," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    3. Daniel, Christopher & Hernandez, Tony, 2024. "What retail apocalypse? A Delphi forecast of commercial space demand in the Toronto region," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    4. Ashutosh Sarkar & Debadyuti Das & Arindam Debroy, 2024. "Panic Buying, Product Substitution and Channel-Shifting Behaviour During Pandemic," IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review, , vol. 13(1), pages 25-43, January.
    5. Park, Inyoung & Lee, Jieon & Lee, Daeho & Lee, Changjun & Chung, Won Young, 2022. "Changes in consumption patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic: Analyzing the revenge spending motivations of different emotional groups," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    6. Pan, Xiaodan & Dresner, Martin & Li, Guang & Mantin, Benny, 2024. "Stocking up on hand sanitizer: Pandemic lessons for retailers and consumers," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    7. Chen, Tinggui & Jin, Yumei & Yang, Jianjun & Cong, Guodong, 2022. "Identifying emergence process of group panic buying behavior under the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    8. Ma, Jieqiong & Hong, JungHwa & Yoo, Boonghee & Yang, Jie, 2021. "The effect of religious commitment and global identity on purchase intention of luxury fashion products: A cross-cultural study," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 244-254.
    9. Sit, Kokho Jason & Ballantyne, Erica E.F. & Gorst, Jonathan, 2022. "Profiling shoppers’ coping behaviours during a pandemic crisis: A regulatory focus perspective," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    10. Arnet, Sandro & Nißen, Marcia & von Wangenheim, Florian, 2024. "Don’t be a hamster! Social appeals to curb panic buying at the point-of-sale," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    11. Jiang, Yi & Wang, Xueqin & Yuen, Kum Fai, 2021. "Augmented reality shopping application usage: The influence of attitude, value, and characteristics of innovation," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    12. Mortimer, Gary & Andrade, María Lucila Osorio & Fazal-e-Hasan, Syed Muhammad, 2024. "From traditional to transformed: Examining the pre- and post-COVID consumers’ shopping mall experiences," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    13. Sarraf, Shagun & Kushwaha, Amit Kumar & Kar, Arpan Kumar & Dwivedi, Yogesh K. & Giannakis, Mihalis, 2024. "How did online misinformation impact stockouts in the e-commerce supply chain during COVID-19 – A mixed methods study," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    14. Ma, Xuan & Yu, Deqing & Wang, Ke, 2024. "Unraveling the intricacies of panic buying: An evolutionary game-theoretic exploration of the evolution and intervention," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    15. Gigliotti, Marina & Rizzi, Francesco, 2023. "Resilient shopping behaviours by change, not by chance: are disruptive events’ effects permanent?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    16. Xu, Qingyun & He, Yi & Shao, Zhen, 2023. "Retailer's ordering decisions with consumer panic buying under unexpected events," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    17. Marie Louise Radanielina Hita & Yany Grégoire & Bruno Lussier & Simon Boissonneault & Christian Vandenberghe & Sylvain Sénécal, 2023. "An extended health belief model for COVID-19: understanding the media-based processes leading to social distancing and panic buying," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 51(1), pages 132-152, January.
    18. Lin, Yuanfang & Pazgal, Amit, 2024. "Effects of information quantity and diversity on consumers under complex uncertainty," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    19. Liu, Yanfeng & Li, Xue & Yuen, Kum Fai, 2023. "Revenge buying: The role of negative emotions caused by lockdowns," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    20. Shan, Haiyan & Pi, Wenjie, 2023. "Mitigating panic buying behavior in the epidemic: An evolutionary game perspective," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:joreco:v:79:y:2024:i:c:s0969698924001875. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-retailing-and-consumer-services .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.