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Experimental study of solar reactors for carboreduction of zinc oxide

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  • Adinberg, Roman
  • Epstein, Michael

Abstract

The reduction of zinc oxide (ZnO) with pure carbon has been studied in the temperature range of 1200–1500 °C for converting solar thermal power into chemical energy in the form of metallic zinc. An experimental solar facility was set up to test different types of reactors, including a tube-type reactor and a quartz-windowed reactor, both operating in a batch-processing mode. The capabilities of the experimental facility included a 20-kW solar thermal concentrating system; portable cavity-type solar receivers; cooling system for gas quenching and excessive heat rejecting; solar power control; measuring and data acquisition systems. Characterization tests, which were carried out under solar peak flux ranging from 1 to 2 MW m−2, demonstrated the feasibility of operating the tubular and windowed reactors at elevated temperatures, up to 1400 °C. Heat transfer simulation of the thermochemical process involving a kinetic global model to describe the windowed reactor is presented. The aspects discussed are the heating rate of reactants, the spatial temperature distribution and the effect of heat losses on reactor performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Adinberg, Roman & Epstein, Michael, 2004. "Experimental study of solar reactors for carboreduction of zinc oxide," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 757-769.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:29:y:2004:i:5:p:757-769
    DOI: 10.1016/S0360-5442(03)00182-8
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Murray, Jean P. & Steinfeld, Aldo & Fletcher, Edward A., 1995. "Metals, nitrides, and carbides via solar carbothermal reduction of metal oxides," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 20(7), pages 695-704.
    2. Steinfeld, A. & Larson, C. & Palumbo, R. & Foley, M., 1996. "Thermodynamic analysis of the co-production of zinc and synthesis gas using solar process heat," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 205-222.
    3. Werder, Miriam & Steinfeld, Aldo, 2000. "Life cycle assessment of the conventional and solar thermal production of zinc and synthesis gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 395-409.
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    1. Kräupl, Stefan & Wieckert, Christian, 2007. "Economic evaluation of the solar carbothermic reduction of ZnO by using a single sensitivity analysis and a Monte-Carlo risk analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(7), pages 1134-1147.
    2. Koepf, E. & Alxneit, I. & Wieckert, C. & Meier, A., 2017. "A review of high temperature solar driven reactor technology: 25years of experience in research and development at the Paul Scherrer Institute," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 620-651.
    3. Sheline, W. & Matthews, L. & Lindeke, N. & Duncan, S. & Palumbo, R., 2013. "An exploratory study of the solar thermal electrolytic production of Mg from MgO," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 163-170.

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