IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i19p7159-d928567.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Tri-Reforming of Methane: Thermodynamics, Operating Conditions, Reactor Technology and Efficiency Evaluation—A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Samira Soleimani

    (K1-MET GmbH, Stahlstraße 14, 4020 Linz, Austria
    Chair of Process Technology and Industrial Environmental Protection, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria)

  • Markus Lehner

    (Chair of Process Technology and Industrial Environmental Protection, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria)

Abstract

The production of syngas with optimal energy usage, a minimal environmental impact, and an adjustable H 2 /CO molar ratio is possible using tri-reforming of methane (TRM). Despite the number of studies dedicated to the TRM process, this process is still in its infancy, with many technical obstacles to overcome. Except for its kinetics and catalysts, which have been reviewed elsewhere, the TRM process is evaluated thoroughly in this work. First, feasibility studies of TRM and the TRM process are presented. Second, the impacts of various operating conditions on the rate of gas conversions, syngas production, and coke formation are discussed. Third, different reactor configurations are compared. This review then goes through the energy and energetic efficiency, economic, environmental, and safety aspects of the TRM process. Finally, a research path for the future is suggested.

Suggested Citation

  • Samira Soleimani & Markus Lehner, 2022. "Tri-Reforming of Methane: Thermodynamics, Operating Conditions, Reactor Technology and Efficiency Evaluation—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-40, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:19:p:7159-:d:928567
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7159/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7159/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zhou, Chunguang & Zhang, Lan & Swiderski, Artur & Yang, Weihong & Blasiak, Wlodzimierz, 2011. "Study and development of a high temperature process of multi-reformation of CH4 with CO2 for remediation of greenhouse gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 5450-5459.
    2. Yang, Qingchun & Xu, Simin & Zhang, Jinliang & Liu, Chenglin & Zhang, Dawei & Zhou, Huairong & Mei, Shumei & Gao, Minglin & Liu, Hongyan, 2021. "Thermodynamic and techno-economic analyses of a novel integrated process of coal gasification and methane tri-reforming to ethylene glycol with low carbon emission and high efficiency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    3. Gaber, Christian & Demuth, Martin & Prieler, René & Schluckner, Christoph & Hochenauer, Christoph, 2018. "An experimental study of a thermochemical regeneration waste heat recovery process using a reformer unit," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 381-391.
    4. Zdzisław Jaworski & Paulina Pianko-Oprych, 2018. "A Comparative Thermodynamic Study of Equilibrium Conditions for Carbon Deposition from Catalytic C–H–O Reformates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-12, May.
    5. Werder, Miriam & Steinfeld, Aldo, 2000. "Life cycle assessment of the conventional and solar thermal production of zinc and synthesis gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 395-409.
    6. Chein, Rei-Yu & Wang, Chien-Yu & Yu, Ching-Tsung, 2017. "Parametric study on catalytic tri-reforming of methane for syngas production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 1-17.
    7. Barelli, L. & Bidini, G. & Gallorini, F. & Servili, S., 2008. "Hydrogen production through sorption-enhanced steam methane reforming and membrane technology: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 554-570.
    8. Gaber, Christian & Demuth, Martin & Prieler, René & Schluckner, Christoph & Schroettner, Hartmuth & Fitzek, Harald & Hochenauer, Christoph, 2019. "Experimental investigation of thermochemical regeneration using oxy-fuel exhaust gases," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 1115-1124.
    9. Singha, Rajib Kumar & Shukla, Astha & Yadav, Aditya & Adak, Shubhadeep & Iqbal, Zafar & Siddiqui, Nazia & Bal, Rajaram, 2016. "Energy efficient methane tri-reforming for synthesis gas production over highly coke resistant nanocrystalline Ni–ZrO2 catalyst," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 110-125.
    10. Arab Aboosadi, Z. & Jahanmiri, A.H. & Rahimpour, M.R., 2011. "Optimization of tri-reformer reactor to produce synthesis gas for methanol production using differential evolution (DE) method," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(8), pages 2691-2701, August.
    11. Tang, Mingchen & Xu, Long & Fan, Maohong, 2015. "Progress in oxygen carrier development of methane-based chemical-looping reforming: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 143-156.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mattia Boscherini & Alba Storione & Matteo Minelli & Francesco Miccio & Ferruccio Doghieri, 2023. "New Perspectives on Catalytic Hydrogen Production by the Reforming, Partial Oxidation and Decomposition of Methane and Biogas," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-33, September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gaber, Christian & Demuth, Martin & Prieler, René & Schluckner, Christoph & Schroettner, Hartmuth & Fitzek, Harald & Hochenauer, Christoph, 2019. "Experimental investigation of thermochemical regeneration using oxy-fuel exhaust gases," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 1115-1124.
    2. Wachter, Philipp & Gaber, Christian & Demuth, Martin & Hochenauer, Christoph, 2020. "Experimental investigation of tri-reforming on a stationary, recuperative TCR-reformer applied to an oxy-fuel combustion of natural gas, using a Ni-catalyst," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    3. Barelli, L. & Ottaviano, A., 2014. "Solid oxide fuel cell technology coupled with methane dry reforming: A viable option for high efficiency plant with reduced CO2 emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 118-129.
    4. Rei-Yu Chein & Wen-Hwai Hsu, 2018. "Analysis of Syngas Production from Biogas via the Tri-Reforming Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-18, April.
    5. Chein, Rei-Yu & Lu, Cheng-Yang & Chen, Wei-Hsin, 2022. "Syngas production via chemical looping reforming using methane-based feed and NiO/Al2O3 oxygen carrier," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    6. Pashchenko, Dmitry & Karpilov, Igor & Polyakov, Mikhail & Popov, Stanislav K., 2024. "Techno-economic evaluation of a thermochemical waste-heat recuperation system for industrial furnace application: Operating cost analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    7. Chein, Rei-Yu & Wang, Chien-Yu & Yu, Ching-Tsung, 2017. "Parametric study on catalytic tri-reforming of methane for syngas production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 1-17.
    8. Liu, Xiangyu & Zhang, Hao & Hong, Hui & Jin, Hongguang, 2020. "Experimental study on honeycomb reactor using methane via chemical looping cycle for solar syngas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    9. Pashchenko, Dmitry, 2022. "Natural gas reforming in thermochemical waste-heat recuperation systems: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    10. Antzara, Andy & Heracleous, Eleni & Lemonidou, Angeliki A., 2016. "Energy efficient sorption enhanced-chemical looping methane reforming process for high-purity H2 production: Experimental proof-of-concept," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 457-471.
    11. Chen, Xuejing & Jiang, Jianguo & Li, Kaimin & Tian, Sicong & Yan, Feng, 2017. "Energy-efficient biogas reforming process to produce syngas: The enhanced methane conversion by O2," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 687-697.
    12. Pashchenko, Dmitry, 2021. "Industrial furnaces with thermochemical waste-heat recuperation by coal gasification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    13. Antzaras, Andy N. & Lemonidou, Angeliki A., 2022. "Recent advances on materials and processes for intensified production of blue hydrogen," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    14. Gaber, Christian & Demuth, Martin & Prieler, René & Schluckner, Christoph & Hochenauer, Christoph, 2018. "An experimental study of a thermochemical regeneration waste heat recovery process using a reformer unit," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 381-391.
    15. Pashchenko, Dmitry, 2019. "Combined methane reforming with a mixture of methane combustion products and steam over a Ni-based catalyst: An experimental and thermodynamic study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 573-584.
    16. Cao, Pengfei & Adegbite, Stephen & Zhao, Haitao & Lester, Edward & Wu, Tao, 2018. "Tuning dry reforming of methane for F-T syntheses: A thermodynamic approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C), pages 190-197.
    17. Pashchenko, Dmitry, 2020. "A heat recovery rate of the thermochemical waste-heat recuperation systems based on experimental prediction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    18. Rahimpour, M.R. & Mirvakili, A. & Paymooni, K., 2011. "A novel water perm-selective membrane dual-type reactor concept for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis of GTL (gas to liquid) technology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 1223-1235.
    19. Ding, Haoran & Tong, Sirui & Qi, Zhifu & Liu, Fei & Sun, Shien & Han, Long, 2023. "Syngas production from chemical-looping steam methane reforming: The effect of channel geometry on BaCoO3/CeO2 monolithic oxygen carriers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    20. Abdollahzadeh, M. & Ribeirinha, P. & Boaventura, M. & Mendes, A., 2018. "Three-dimensional modeling of PEMFC with contaminated anode fuel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 939-959.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:19:p:7159-:d:928567. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.