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Experimental study on a novel pump-driven heat pipe/vapor compression system for rack-level cooling of data centers

Author

Listed:
  • Sun, Xiaoqing
  • Zhang, Ce
  • Han, Zongwei
  • Dong, Jiaxiang
  • Zhang, Yiqi
  • Li, Mengyi
  • Li, Xiuming
  • Wang, Qinghai
  • Wen, Zhenwu
  • Zheng, Baoli

Abstract

Conventional air-conditioners in data centers generally have the problems of high energy consumption and poor cooling effect. In this paper, a composite cooling system with pump-driven heat pipe and vapor compression operation modes is proposed to solve the above problems. The system adopts pump supply liquid technology and rack-level terminals. The cooling effect, energy efficiency, and annual performance of the system are analyzed in this paper. In terms of energy efficiency, the coefficient of performance in vapor compression mode is 6.6–3.8 (outside temperature is 15–35 °C); the coefficient of performance in heat pipe mode is 15.8–9.7 (outside temperature is −15–15 °C). In terms of the cooling effect, the novel system performs well for temperature control accuracy, and the on-demand supply cooling of each rack can be realized. In terms of the annual performance of the typical city, the annual average coefficient of performance of the novel system in vapor compression mode increases by 8.5% compared with the system adopting direct expansion technology. The power usage effectiveness of the data center that adopts the novel cooling system can reach 1.23 which satisfies the current standard.

Suggested Citation

  • Sun, Xiaoqing & Zhang, Ce & Han, Zongwei & Dong, Jiaxiang & Zhang, Yiqi & Li, Mengyi & Li, Xiuming & Wang, Qinghai & Wen, Zhenwu & Zheng, Baoli, 2023. "Experimental study on a novel pump-driven heat pipe/vapor compression system for rack-level cooling of data centers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:274:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223007296
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.127335
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Han, Zongwei & Xue, Da & Wei, Haotian & Ji, Qiang & Sun, Xiaoqing & Li, Xiuming, 2021. "Study on operation strategy of evaporative cooling composite air conditioning system in data center," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 1147-1160.
    2. Han, Zongwei & Wei, Haotian & Sun, Xiaoqing & Bai, Chenguang & Xue, Da & Li, Xiuming, 2020. "Study on influence of operating parameters of data center air conditioning system based on the concept of on-demand cooling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 99-111.
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    4. Meng, Xiongzhuang & Zhou, Junli & Zhang, Xuejiao & Luo, Zhiwen & Gong, Hui & Gan, Ting, 2020. "Optimization of the thermal environment of a small-scale data center in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    5. Güğül, Gül Nihal & Gökçül, Furkan & Eicker, Ursula, 2023. "Sustainability analysis of zero energy consumption data centers with free cooling, waste heat reuse and renewable energy systems: A feasibility study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    6. Ding, Tao & Chen, Xiaoxuan & Cao, Hanwen & He, Zhiguang & Wang, Jianmin & Li, Zhen, 2021. "Principles of loop thermosyphon and its application in data center cooling systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    7. Liu, Yuting & Yang, Xu & Li, Junming & Zhao, Xudong, 2018. "Energy savings of hybrid dew-point evaporative cooler and micro-channel separated heat pipe cooling systems for computer data centers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 629-640.
    8. Cho, Jinkyun & Park, Beungyong & Jang, Seungmin, 2022. "Development of an independent modular air containment system for high-density data centers: Experimental investigation of row-based cooling performance and PUE," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Yiqi & Li, Mengyi & Dong, Jiaxiang & Zhang, Ce & Li, Xiuming & Han, Zongwei, 2023. "Study on the impacts of refrigerant leakage on the performance and reliability of datacenter composite air conditioning system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    2. Xiaofei Huang & Junwei Yan & Xuan Zhou & Yixin Wu & Shichen Hu, 2023. "Cooling Technologies for Internet Data Center in China: Principle, Energy Efficiency, and Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-31, October.
    3. Zhang, Qiaoxin & Tu, Rang & Yang, Xu, 2024. "Optimization operation of data Center's distributed air conditioning system based on supply-demand matching," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(C).
    4. Cho, Jinkyun & Lim, Seung-beom, 2023. "Balanced comparative assessment of thermal performance and energy efficiency for three cooling solutions in data centers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).

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