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Transient analysis of a hydropower plant with a super-long headrace tunnel during load acceptance: Instability mechanism and measurement verification

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  • Hu, Jinhong
  • Yang, Jiebin
  • He, Xianghui
  • Zhao, Zhigao
  • Yang, Jiandong

Abstract

The current development trend of China's hydropower is moving toward ultra-high heads, complex geological scenarios, ultra-large capacities, and the Tibetan region. The construction of hydropower stations with super-long headrace tunnels is conducive to overcoming the constraints of complex geological conditions and making full use of hydropower resources. However, these stations have unique technical problems that limit their commercial development, including pressure fluctuations during load rejection and the operational stability of the power-frequency regulation. In this study, a potential problem in hydropower stations with super-long headrace tunnels, the instability during load acceptance, is studied by combining prototype experiments with 1D transient numerical simulations. First, according to a test case using a prototype hydropower station, the instability phenomenon occurring during a simultaneous load acceptance of two Francis turbines in a hydropower station with a 20-km headrace tunnel is described. Next, using 1D steady-state and transient simulations, the factors leading to the instability are analyzed in detail. Finally, countermeasures for the safe operation of hydropower stations are proposed based on numerical simulations and supplementary prototype experiments. Hydropower stations with super-long headrace tunnels exhibit a characteristic where the net head decreases sharply with an increase in the flow rate. Therefore, prior to load acceptance, the maximum output achievable by the multiple units under the operating net head has to be carefully determined to avoid over-adjustment of the guide vane opening and detrimental phenomena such as operational instability and extremely low pressure in the draft tube.

Suggested Citation

  • Hu, Jinhong & Yang, Jiebin & He, Xianghui & Zhao, Zhigao & Yang, Jiandong, 2023. "Transient analysis of a hydropower plant with a super-long headrace tunnel during load acceptance: Instability mechanism and measurement verification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:263:y:2023:i:pa:s0360544222025579
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.125671
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