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Power-frequency control of hydropower plants with long penstocks in isolated systems with wind generation

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  • Martínez-Lucas, Guillermo
  • Sarasúa, José Ignacio
  • Sánchez-Fernández, José Ángel
  • Wilhelmi, José Román

Abstract

In this paper the power-frequency control of hydropower plants with long penstocks is addressed. In such configuration the effects of pressure waves cannot be neglected and therefore commonly used criteria for adjustment of PID governors would not be appropriate. A second-order Π model of the turbine-penstock based on a lumped parameter approach is considered. A correction factor is introduced in order to approximate the model frequency response to the continuous case in the frequency interval of interest. Using this model, several criteria are analysed for adjusting the PI governor of a hydropower plant operating in an isolated system. Practical criteria for adjusting the PI governor are given. The results are applied to a real case of a small island where the objective is to achieve a generation 100% renewable (wind and hydro). Frequency control is supposed to be provided exclusively by the hydropower plant. It is verified that the usual criterion for tuning the PI controller of isolated hydro plants gives poor results. However, with the new proposed adjustment, the time response is considerably improved.

Suggested Citation

  • Martínez-Lucas, Guillermo & Sarasúa, José Ignacio & Sánchez-Fernández, José Ángel & Wilhelmi, José Román, 2015. "Power-frequency control of hydropower plants with long penstocks in isolated systems with wind generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 245-255.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:83:y:2015:i:c:p:245-255
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.04.032
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    1. Hu, Jinhong & Yang, Jiebin & He, Xianghui & Zhao, Zhigao & Yang, Jiandong, 2023. "Transient analysis of a hydropower plant with a super-long headrace tunnel during load acceptance: Instability mechanism and measurement verification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    2. Guerrero-Lemus, Ricardo & Nuez, Ignacio de la & González-Díaz, Benjamín, 2018. "Rebuttal letter to the article entitled: “Spatial planning to estimate the offshore wind energy potential in coastal regions and islands. Practical case: The Canary Islands”," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 12-16.
    3. Guillermo Martínez-Lucas & José Ignacio Sarasúa & José Ángel Sánchez-Fernández, 2018. "Frequency Regulation of a Hybrid Wind–Hydro Power Plant in an Isolated Power System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-25, January.
    4. Huang, Yifan & Yang, Weijia & Liao, Yiwen & Zhao, Zhigao & Ma, Weichao & Yang, Jiebin & Yang, Jiandong, 2022. "Improved transfer function method for flexible simulation of hydraulic-mechanical-electrical transient processes of hydro-power plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 390-404.
    5. Ana Fernández-Guillamón & Guillermo Martínez-Lucas & Ángel Molina-García & Jose-Ignacio Sarasua, 2020. "Hybrid Wind–PV Frequency Control Strategy under Variable Weather Conditions in Isolated Power Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-25, September.
    6. Garcia Latorre, Francisco Javier & Quintana, Jose Juan & de la Nuez, Ignacio, 2019. "Technical and economic evaluation of the integration of a wind-hydro system in El Hierro island," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 186-193.
    7. Ana Fernández-Guillamón & Guillermo Martínez-Lucas & Ángel Molina-García & Jose Ignacio Sarasua, 2020. "An Adaptive Control Scheme for Variable Speed Wind Turbines Providing Frequency Regulation in Isolated Power Systems with Thermal Generation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-19, July.
    8. Yang, Weijia & Norrlund, Per & Bladh, Johan & Yang, Jiandong & Lundin, Urban, 2018. "Hydraulic damping mechanism of low frequency oscillations in power systems: Quantitative analysis using a nonlinear model of hydropower plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1138-1152.
    9. Yu, Xiaodong & Yang, Xiuwei & Zhang, Jian, 2019. "Stability analysis of hydro-turbine governing system including surge tanks under interconnected operation during small load disturbance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 1426-1435.
    10. Wencheng Guo & Daoyi Zhu, 2018. "A Review of the Transient Process and Control for a Hydropower Station with a Super Long Headrace Tunnel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-27, November.
    11. Tang, Renbo & Yang, Jiandong & Yang, Weijia & Zou, Jin & Lai, Xu, 2019. "Dynamic regulation characteristics of pumped-storage plants with two generating units sharing common conduits and busbar for balancing variable renewable energy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 1064-1077.
    12. Zeng, Wei & Yang, Jiandong & Yang, Weijia, 2016. "Instability analysis of pumped-storage stations under no-load conditions using a parameter-varying model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 420-429.
    13. Carlos A. Platero & José A. Sánchez & Christophe Nicolet & Philippe Allenbach, 2019. "Hydropower Plants Frequency Regulation Depending on Upper Reservoir Water Level," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-15, April.
    14. Yang, Weijia & Norrlund, Per & Chung, Chi Yung & Yang, Jiandong & Lundin, Urban, 2018. "Eigen-analysis of hydraulic-mechanical-electrical coupling mechanism for small signal stability of hydropower plant," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 1014-1025.
    15. Zou, Yidong & Hu, Wenqing & Xiao, Zhihuai & Wang, Yunhe & Chen, Jinbao & Zheng, Yang & Qian, Jing & Zeng, Yun, 2023. "Design of intelligent nonlinear robust controller for hydro-turbine governing system based on state-dynamic-measurement hybrid feedback linearization method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 635-651.

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