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Non-equilibrium thermodynamic model for liquefied natural gas storage tanks

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  • Wang, Zhihao
  • Sharafian, Amir
  • Mérida, Walter

Abstract

A thermodynamic non-equilibrium model is introduced to evaluate the thermal performance of vertical and horizontal liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks in refueling stations. This model incorporates a resistance-capacitance network to reduce the required computation time to several hours compared with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method which requires several days or weeks to run under high-performance computing. The accuracy of the non-equilibrium model is validated with two sets of experimental data, and thermodynamic equilibrium and CFD models, respectively. Our results indicate that the non-equilibrium and equilibrium models have a similar accuracy to predict the pressure and temperature changes in vertical and horizontal LNG storage tanks under stationary conditions. However, the equilibrium model fails to predict the tank performance under sudden pressure changes such as those produced via vapor return from heavy-duty trucks duringre fueling. In contrast, the non-equilibrium model accurately predicts the pressure of LNG storage tank under dynamic conditions. Our results also indicate that, compared to vertical tanks and under dynamic operating conditions, horizontal storage tanks can hold LNG for longer periods without methane release to the atmosphere.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Zhihao & Sharafian, Amir & Mérida, Walter, 2020. "Non-equilibrium thermodynamic model for liquefied natural gas storage tanks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:190:y:2020:i:c:s0360544219321073
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116412
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    7. Kim, Jeong Hwan & Lee, Min-Kyung & Jang, Wookil & Lee, Jae-Hun, 2023. "Strain behavior of very new high manganese steel for 200,000 m3 LNG cryogenic storage tank," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    8. Perez, Fernando & Al Ghafri, Saif Z.S. & Gallagher, Liam & Siahvashi, Arman & Ryu, Yonghee & Kim, Sungwoo & Kim, Sung Gyu & Johns, Michael L. & May, Eric F., 2021. "Measurements of boil-off gas and stratification in cryogenic liquid nitrogen with implications for the storage and transport of liquefied natural gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    9. Kalikatzarakis, Miltiadis & Theotokatos, Gerasimos & Coraddu, Andrea & Sayan, Paul & Wong, Seng Yew, 2022. "Model based analysis of the boil-off gas management and control for LNG fuelled vessels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    10. Wu, Sixian & Ju, Yonglin, 2021. "Numerical study of the boil-off gas (BOG) generation characteristics in a type C independent liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank under sloshing excitation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    11. Jo, Yeonpyeong & Shin, Kyeongseok & Hwang, Sungwon, 2021. "Development of dynamic simulation model of LNG tank and its operational strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).

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