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Effects of calcium oxide on nitrogen oxide precursor formation during sludge protein pyrolysis

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  • Guo, Shuai
  • Liu, Tiecheng
  • Hui, Jicheng
  • Che, Deyong
  • Li, Xingcan
  • Sun, Baizhong
  • Li, Shaohua

Abstract

The addition of CaO has been used to reduce the harmful NOx precursors (NH3 and HCN) generated by the pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge. However, the underlying reduction mechanism remains unclear. To address this issue, we systematically investigated the effects of temperature and CaO addition on the generation of NH3 and HCN during the pyrolysis of sludge protein and a model protein. With increasing temperature from 300 to 900 °C, the inhibitory effect of CaO on NH3 emission was observed to fluctuate, maximizing at 400 °C. The inhibition was attributed to the reaction of CaO with nitrogen in the produced char to form CaCxNy, resulting in enhanced fixation of the char pyridines and nitriles. The nitriles exhibited high thermal stability and inertness to CaO. The increased nitrile content at high temperatures was attributed to the formation of the species from amines and N-containing heterocycles. The CaCx produced by the thermal decomposition of CaCxNy above 700 °C was found to increase P–N fixation and decrease NH3 formation. The observed poor inhibitory effect of CaO on NOx precursor formation at 650 °C was attributed to the production of NH3 via HCN hydrolysis. Because HCN directly reacted with CaO, the inhibition of HCN formation was highest at 650–900 °C, preventing the conversion of char nitriles into HCN.

Suggested Citation

  • Guo, Shuai & Liu, Tiecheng & Hui, Jicheng & Che, Deyong & Li, Xingcan & Sun, Baizhong & Li, Shaohua, 2019. "Effects of calcium oxide on nitrogen oxide precursor formation during sludge protein pyrolysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:189:y:2019:i:c:s0360544219319127
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116217
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jianqiang Zhou & Pan Gao & Changqing Dong & Yongping Yang, 2018. "Effect of Temperature and Mineral Matter on the Formation of NOx Precursors during Fast Pyrolysis of 2,5-Diketopiperazine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-10, March.
    2. Ren, Qiangqiang & Zhao, Changsui, 2013. "NOx and N2O precursors (NH3 and HCN) from biomass pyrolysis: interaction between amino acid and mineral matter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 170-174.
    3. Liu, Huan & Yi, Linlin & Zhang, Qiang & Hu, Hongyun & Lu, Geng & Li, Aijun & Yao, Hong, 2016. "Co-production of clean syngas and ash adsorbent during sewage sludge gasification: Synergistic effect of Fenton peroxidation and CaO conditioning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1062-1068.
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