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Effects of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals on N-Containing Species Release during Rice Straw Pyrolysis

Author

Listed:
  • Pan Gao

    (National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Beijing 102206, China)

  • Lu Xue

    (National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Beijing 102206, China)

  • Qiang Lu

    (National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Beijing 102206, China)

  • Changqing Dong

    (National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, 2 Beinong Road, Beijing 102206, China)

Abstract

To study the effects of inherent and external alkali and alkaline earth metallic species (AAEMs, i.e. , K, Ca and Mg) on the behavior of N-containing species release during rice straw (RS) pyrolysis, different pretreatments were applied in numerous experiments. Results indicate that ammonia (NH 3 ) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) are the major N-containing species and that the yields of isocyanic acid (HNCO) and nitric oxide (NO) are relatively low. The removal of inhert AAEMs shifts N-containing species release to a high-temperature zone according to volatile release behavior because of the increase in activation energy. The formation selectivity of NH 3 , HNCO, and NO increases by demineralized pretreatment, whereas HCN selectivity decreases. The formation of HNCO is mainly affected by alkaline earth metal. N-containing species release occurs in low temperatures with the addition of external AAEMs. The activation energy of samples impregnated with CaCl 2 and MgCl 2 sharply decreases compared to the original RS. The total yields of N-containing species are reduced significantly in the presence of KCl, CaCl 2 , and MgCl 2 as additives. The inhibition ability of AAEMs follows the sequence MgCl 2 > CaCl 2 > KCl. The inhibition effect of MgCl 2 can be improved by solution immersion compared with solid powder mixing. The clean biomass pyrolysis and gasification technology with low N-containing species content may be developed according to the results.

Suggested Citation

  • Pan Gao & Lu Xue & Qiang Lu & Changqing Dong, 2015. "Effects of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals on N-Containing Species Release during Rice Straw Pyrolysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-12, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:11:p:12356-13032:d:58941
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wenyan Wang & Wei Ouyang & Fanghua Hao, 2015. "A Supply-Chain Analysis Framework for Assessing Densified Biomass Solid Fuel Utilization Policies in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-18, July.
    2. Lu, Ke-Miao & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Lin, Ta-Chang, 2013. "Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetics of co-pyrolysis of raw/torrefied wood and coal blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 57-65.
    3. Ren, Qiangqiang & Zhao, Changsui, 2013. "NOx and N2O precursors (NH3 and HCN) from biomass pyrolysis: interaction between amino acid and mineral matter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 170-174.
    4. Williams, Paul T. & Horne, Patrick A., 1994. "The role of metal salts in the pyrolysis of biomass," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 1-13.
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    1. Jianqiang Zhou & Pan Gao & Changqing Dong & Yongping Yang, 2018. "Effect of Temperature and Mineral Matter on the Formation of NOx Precursors during Fast Pyrolysis of 2,5-Diketopiperazine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-10, March.
    2. Xiaorui Liu & Zhongyang Luo & Chunjiang Yu & Bitao Jin & Hanchao Tu, 2018. "Release Mechanism of Fuel-N into NO x and N 2 O Precursors during Pyrolysis of Rice Straw," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-13, February.

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