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Grid-independent residential buildings with renewable energy sources

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  • Leonard, Matthew D.
  • Michaelides, Efstathios E.

Abstract

The proliferation of grid-dependent, zero-energy buildings in a region will alter the diurnal electric power demand to a U-shaped demand curve that limits the role of base-load power plants and the flexibility of the electric grid to meet the power demand. Zero-energy buildings that are also grid-independent (GIB-ZEBs) ensure that carbon emissions are curtailed and that the electricity grid will retain its flexibility to make appropriate use of large, base-load power production units. Such buildings incorporate a reliable system for energy storage that supplies the needed energy when the renewable energy source does not. This paper offers a detailed analysis of the power needs, the seasonal energy usage, and the seasonal energy storage requirements of two GIB-ZEBs. The first is located in the South-West part of the USA, where the air-conditioning demand is very high and the second in the North, where the heating demand is very high and the irradiance/insolation is less. Hydrogen storage and battery storage systems were considered for the energy storage requirements of the buildings. Calculations for the two buildings include: the hourly electric power and total energy demand of the building throughout the year; the hourly energy production by a system of photovoltaics; the hourly energy storage needed throughout the year; the photovoltaics area requirements; the overall capacity and seasonal use of the energy storage system needed; and the effects of the various components and systems performance on the power production and storage parameters.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonard, Matthew D. & Michaelides, Efstathios E., 2018. "Grid-independent residential buildings with renewable energy sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 448-460.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:148:y:2018:i:c:p:448-460
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.01.168
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. DeValeria, Michelle K. & Michaelides, Efstathios E. & Michaelides, Dimitrios N., 2020. "Energy and thermal storage in clusters of grid-independent buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
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    3. Moiz Masood Syed & Gregory M. Morrison & James Darbyshire, 2020. "Energy Allocation Strategies for Common Property Load Connected to Shared Solar and Battery Storage Systems in Strata Apartments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-28, November.
    4. Keiner, Dominik & Thoma, Christian & Bogdanov, Dmitrii & Breyer, Christian, 2023. "Seasonal hydrogen storage for residential on- and off-grid solar photovoltaics prosumer applications: Revolutionary solution or niche market for the energy transition until 2050?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    5. Efstathios E. Michaelides, 2021. "Thermal Storage for District Cooling—Implications for Renewable Energy Transition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-13, November.
    6. Wilberforce, Tabbi & El Hassan, Zaki & Durrant, A. & Thompson, J. & Soudan, Bassel & Olabi, A.G., 2019. "Overview of ocean power technology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 165-181.
    7. Masato Oota & Yumiko Iwafune & Ryozo Ooka, 2021. "Estimation of Self-Sufficiency Rate in Detached Houses Using Home Energy Management System Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    8. Ghosh, Sampad & Harish, Sivasankaran & Ohtaki, Michitaka & Saha, Bidyut Baran, 2020. "Enhanced figure of merit of cement composites with graphene and ZnO nanoinclusions for efficient energy harvesting in buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    9. Wang, Yadong & Mao, Jinqi & Chen, Fan & Wang, Delu, 2022. "Uncovering the dynamics and uncertainties of substituting coal power with renewable energy resources," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 669-686.
    10. Efstathios E. Michaelides, 2021. "Thermodynamics, Energy Dissipation, and Figures of Merit of Energy Storage Systems—A Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-41, September.
    11. Shayan, Mostafa Esmaeili & Najafi, Gholamhassan & Ghobadian, Barat & Gorjian, Shiva & Mamat, Rizalman & Ghazali, Mohd Fairusham, 2022. "Multi-microgrid optimization and energy management under boost voltage converter with Markov prediction chain and dynamic decision algorithm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P2), pages 179-189.
    12. Al-Saadi, Saleh Nasser & Shaaban, Awni K., 2019. "Zero energy building (ZEB) in a cooling dominated climate of Oman: Design and energy performance analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 299-316.
    13. Gou, Xing & Chen, Qun & Sun, Yong & Ma, Huan & Li, Bao-Ju, 2021. "Holistic analysis and optimization of distributed energy system considering different transport characteristics of multi-energy and component efficiency variation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).

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