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Sustainability of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Systems in Buildings—An Overview

Author

Listed:
  • Nilofar Asim

    (Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

  • Marzieh Badiei

    (Independent Researcher, Razavi 16, Mashhad 91777-35843, Iran)

  • Masita Mohammad

    (Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

  • Halim Razali

    (Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

  • Armin Rajabi

    (Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

  • Lim Chin Haw

    (Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

  • Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali

    (Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

Abstract

Increasing demand on heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems and their importance, as the respiratory system of buildings, in developing and spreading various microbial contaminations and diseases with their huge global energy consumption share have forced researchers, industries, and policymakers to focus on improving the sustainability of HVAC systems. Understanding and considering various parameters related to the sustainability of new and existing HVAC systems as the respiratory system of buildings are vital to providing healthy, energy-efficient, and economical options for various building types. However, the greatest opportunities for improving the sustainability of HVAC systems exist at the design stage of new facilities and the retrofitting of existing equipment. Considering the high available percentage of existing HVAC systems globally reveals the importance of their retrofitting. The attempt has been made to gather all important parameters that affect decision-making to select the optimum HVAC system development considerations among the various opportunities that are available for sustainability improvement.

Suggested Citation

  • Nilofar Asim & Marzieh Badiei & Masita Mohammad & Halim Razali & Armin Rajabi & Lim Chin Haw & Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali, 2022. "Sustainability of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Systems in Buildings—An Overview," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:2:p:1016-:d:726827
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Hélène Niculita-Hirzel, 2022. "Latest Trends in Pollutant Accumulations at Threatening Levels in Energy-Efficient Residential Buildings with and without Mechanical Ventilation: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-12, March.
    3. Fei Xie & Junxue Zhang & Guodong Wu & Chunxia Zhang & Hechi Wang, 2023. "The Environmental Sustainability Study of an Airport Building System Based on an Integrated LCA-Embodied Energy (Emergy)-ANN Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, May.
    4. Chro Hama Radha, 2023. "Retrofitting for Improving Indoor Air Quality and Energy Efficiency in the Hospital Building," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-20, February.
    5. Kai Yang & Tianhao Shi & Tingzhen Ming & Yongjia Wu & Yanhua Chen & Zhongyi Yu & Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi, 2023. "Study of Internal Flow Heat Transfer Characteristics of Ejection-Permeable FADS," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-20, May.

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