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Dynamic battery equalization with energy and time efficiency for electric vehicles

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  • Wu, Zhou
  • Ling, Rui
  • Tang, Ruoli

Abstract

Battery equalization is a critical technology in energy storage systems, so that each storage cell has equal state. In the application of electric vehicle, equalization circuits and algorithms have been widely studied for the purpose of prolonging driving time, but optimization of equalization efficiency is a difficult task in the battery equalization of electric vehicle. In this paper, an optimization model with a linear form is proposed to incorporate both energy loss and equalization time for an energy-bus equalizer. In the consideration of different working status of electric vehicle, i.e., charging, discharging, and driving, dynamic equalization has been investigated, and a model predictive control approach is proposed to cope with frequent change of working status. According to simulation and experimental results, it can be concluded that energy and time efficiency can be significantly improved during dynamic battery equalization, and that the proposed equalization system is easily implemented with competitive simplicity due to the linearized system model.

Suggested Citation

  • Wu, Zhou & Ling, Rui & Tang, Ruoli, 2017. "Dynamic battery equalization with energy and time efficiency for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 937-948.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:141:y:2017:i:c:p:937-948
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.09.129
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    2. Lv, Jie & Lin, Shili & Song, Wenji & Chen, Mingbiao & Feng, Ziping & Li, Yongliang & Ding, Yulong, 2019. "Performance of LiFePO4 batteries in parallel based on connection topology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Xiaogang Wu & Zhihao Cui & Xuefeng Li & Jiuyu Du & Ye Liu, 2019. "Control Strategy for Active Hierarchical Equalization Circuits of Series Battery Packs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-18, May.
    4. Shixin Song & Feng Xiao & Silun Peng & Chuanxue Song & Yulong Shao, 2018. "A High-Efficiency Bidirectional Active Balance for Electric Vehicle Battery Packs Based on Model Predictive Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, November.
    5. Li, Penghua & Liu, Jianfei & Deng, Zhongwei & Yang, Yalian & Lin, Xianke & Couture, Jonathan & Hu, Xiaosong, 2022. "Increasing energy utilization of battery energy storage via active multivariable fusion-driven balancing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    6. Zheng, Linfeng & Zhu, Jianguo & Lu, Dylan Dah-Chuan & Wang, Guoxiu & He, Tingting, 2018. "Incremental capacity analysis and differential voltage analysis based state of charge and capacity estimation for lithium-ion batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 759-769.
    7. Yang Yang & Wenchao Zhu & Changjun Xie & Ying Shi & Furong Liu & Weibo Li & Zebo Tang, 2020. "A Layered Bidirectional Active Equalization Method for Retired Power Lithium-Ion Batteries for Energy Storage Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-15, February.

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