IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v262y2023ipas0360544222022915.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A fast and energy-efficient nonnegative least square-based optimal active battery balancing control strategy for electric vehicle applications

Author

Listed:
  • Turksoy, Arzu
  • Teke, Ahmet

Abstract

In an electric vehicle, a battery pack with many series-connected cells suffers from charge imbalances caused by manufacturing and varying operating conditions. The battery balancing system overcomes the cell imbalance while providing the required capacity maximization, prolonging the battery life, and safe operation. Various balancing topologies and control algorithms have been developed based on the difference in energy transfer methods. Among these, the passive balancing method is to convert the energy of the highly charged cell into heat. The active balancing method transfers the excessive energy of the high-charged cell to the low-charged cell through an electronic circuit. This type of balancing has high conversion efficiency compared to passive balancing and provides a noticeable improvement in increasing the useable capacity of the battery pack, thus increasing the range of the EVs. In this study, an optimal balancing control strategy for the active cell-to-pack balancing system has been developed. A unidirectional common flyback as a DC-DC converter has been used as a balancing circuit for transferring the excessive energy of the cells to the battery pack. The proposed optimal control algorithm eliminates the imbalances among battery packs in the minimum balancing time that ensures maximizing energy efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Turksoy, Arzu & Teke, Ahmet, 2023. "A fast and energy-efficient nonnegative least square-based optimal active battery balancing control strategy for electric vehicle applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:262:y:2023:i:pa:s0360544222022915
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.125409
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544222022915
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2022.125409?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hoque, M.M. & Hannan, M.A. & Mohamed, A. & Ayob, A., 2017. "Battery charge equalization controller in electric vehicle applications: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 1363-1385.
    2. Shun-Chung Wang & Chun-Yu Liu & Yi-Hua Liu, 2018. "A Fast Equalizer with Adaptive Balancing Current Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Zhang, Shumei & Qiang, Jiaxi & Yang, Lin & Zhao, Xiaowei, 2016. "Prior-knowledge-independent equalization to improve battery uniformity with energy efficiency and time efficiency for lithium-ion battery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 1-12.
    4. Hannan, M.A. & Hoque, M.M. & Mohamed, A. & Ayob, A., 2017. "Review of energy storage systems for electric vehicle applications: Issues and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 771-789.
    5. Wang, Yujie & Zhang, Chenbin & Chen, Zonghai & Xie, Jing & Zhang, Xu, 2015. "A novel active equalization method for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 36-42.
    6. Turksoy, Arzu & Teke, Ahmet & Alkaya, Alkan, 2020. "A comprehensive overview of the dc-dc converter-based battery charge balancing methods in electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Turksoy, Arzu & Teke, Ahmet & Alkaya, Alkan, 2020. "A comprehensive overview of the dc-dc converter-based battery charge balancing methods in electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    2. Jianwen Cao & Bizhong Xia & Jie Zhou, 2021. "An Active Equalization Method for Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Flyback Transformer and Variable Step Size Generalized Predictive Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-25, January.
    3. Alfredo Alvarez-Diazcomas & Adyr A. Estévez-Bén & Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz & Miguel-Angel Martínez-Prado & Roberto V. Carrillo-Serrano & Suresh Thenozhi, 2020. "A Review of Battery Equalizer Circuits for Electric Vehicle Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-29, October.
    4. Cong Zhang & Dai Wang & Bin Wang & Fan Tong, 2020. "Battery Degradation Minimization-Oriented Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-21, January.
    5. Wu, Zhou & Ling, Rui & Tang, Ruoli, 2017. "Dynamic battery equalization with energy and time efficiency for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 937-948.
    6. Bragadeshwaran Ashok & Chidambaram Kannan & Byron Mason & Sathiaseelan Denis Ashok & Vairavasundaram Indragandhi & Darsh Patel & Atharva Sanjay Wagh & Arnav Jain & Chellapan Kavitha, 2022. "Towards Safer and Smarter Design for Lithium-Ion-Battery-Powered Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review on Control Strategy Architecture of Battery Management System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-44, June.
    7. Jiayu Wang & Shuailong Dai & Xi Chen & Xiang Zhang & Zhifei Shan, 2019. "Bidirectional Multi-Input and Multi-Output Energy Equalization Circuit for the Li-Ion Battery String Based on the Game Theory," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2019, pages 1-17, June.
    8. Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, Amin & Pesiridis, Apostolos & Rajoo, Srithar & Martinez-Botas, Ricardo & Esfahanian, Vahid, 2017. "A review of Battery Electric Vehicle technology and readiness levels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 414-430.
    9. Huang, Deyang & Chen, Ziqiang & Zheng, Changwen & Li, Haibin, 2019. "A model-based state-of-charge estimation method for series-connected lithium-ion battery pack considering fast-varying cell temperature," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 847-861.
    10. Shixin Song & Feng Xiao & Silun Peng & Chuanxue Song & Yulong Shao, 2018. "A High-Efficiency Bidirectional Active Balance for Electric Vehicle Battery Packs Based on Model Predictive Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, November.
    11. Xiudong Cui & Weixiang Shen & Yunlei Zhang & Cungang Hu, 2017. "A Novel Active Online State of Charge Based Balancing Approach for Lithium-Ion Battery Packs during Fast Charging Process in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-17, November.
    12. Md. Sazal Miah & Molla Shahadat Hossain Lipu & Sheikh Tanzim Meraj & Kamrul Hasan & Shaheer Ansari & Taskin Jamal & Hasan Masrur & Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan & Aini Hussain, 2021. "Optimized Energy Management Schemes for Electric Vehicle Applications: A Bibliometric Analysis towards Future Trends," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-38, November.
    13. Mahammad A. Hannan & Mohammad M. Hoque & Pin J. Ker & Rawshan A. Begum & Azah Mohamed, 2017. "Charge Equalization Controller Algorithm for Series-Connected Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems: Modeling and Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-20, September.
    14. Dongchen Qin & Shuai Qin & Tingting Wang & Hongxia Wu & Jiangyi Chen, 2022. "Balanced Control System Based on Bidirectional Flyback DC Converter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-25, October.
    15. Das, Himadry Shekhar & Tan, Chee Wei & Yatim, A.H.M., 2017. "Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles: A review on power conditioning units and topologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 268-291.
    16. Jiansong Li & Jiyun Zhao & Xiaochun Zhang, 2020. "A Novel Energy Recovery System Integrating Flywheel and Flow Regeneration for a Hydraulic Excavator Boom System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-25, January.
    17. Liu, Xuan & Xue, Jilai, 2019. "The role of Al2Gd cuboids in the discharge performance and electrochemical behaviors of AZ31-Gd anode for Mg-air batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    18. Horn, Michael & MacLeod, Jennifer & Liu, Meinan & Webb, Jeremy & Motta, Nunzio, 2019. "Supercapacitors: A new source of power for electric cars?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 93-103.
    19. Rahman, Syed & Khan, Irfan Ahmed & Khan, Ashraf Ali & Mallik, Ayan & Nadeem, Muhammad Faisal, 2022. "Comprehensive review & impact analysis of integrating projected electric vehicle charging load to the existing low voltage distribution system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    20. Das, H.S. & Rahman, M.M. & Li, S. & Tan, C.W., 2020. "Electric vehicles standards, charging infrastructure, and impact on grid integration: A technological review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:262:y:2023:i:pa:s0360544222022915. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.