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Onboard early detection and mitigation of lithium plating in fast-charging batteries

Author

Listed:
  • Wenxiao Huang

    (Stanford University)

  • Yusheng Ye

    (Stanford University)

  • Hao Chen

    (Stanford University)

  • Rafael A. Vilá

    (Stanford University)

  • Andrew Xiang

    (University of California)

  • Hongxia Wang

    (Stanford University)

  • Fang Liu

    (Stanford University)

  • Zhiao Yu

    (Stanford University)

  • Jinwei Xu

    (Stanford University)

  • Zewen Zhang

    (Stanford University)

  • Rong Xu

    (Stanford University)

  • Yecun Wu

    (Stanford University)

  • Lien-Yang Chou

    (Stanford University)

  • Hansen Wang

    (Stanford University)

  • Junwei Xu

    (Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences)

  • David Tomas Boyle

    (Stanford University)

  • Yuzhang Li

    (Stanford University
    University of California)

  • Yi Cui

    (Stanford University
    Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences)

Abstract

Fast-charging is considered as one of the most desired features needed for lithium-ion batteries to accelerate the mainstream adoption of electric vehicles. However, current battery charging protocols mainly consist of conservative rate steps to avoid potential hazardous lithium plating and its associated parasitic reactions. A highly sensitive onboard detection method could enable battery fast-charging without reaching the lithium plating regime. Here, we demonstrate a novel differential pressure sensing method to precisely detect the lithium plating event. By measuring the real-time change of cell pressure per unit of charge (dP/dQ) and comparing it with the threshold defined by the maximum of dP/dQ during lithium-ion intercalation into the negative electrode, the onset of lithium plating before its extensive growth can be detected with high precision. In addition, we show that by integrating this differential pressure sensing into the battery management system (BMS), a dynamic self-regulated charging protocol can be realized to effectively extinguish the lithium plating triggered by low temperature (0 °C) while the conventional static charging protocol leads to catastrophic lithium plating at the same condition. We propose that differential pressure sensing could serve as an early nondestructive diagnosis method to guide the development of fast-charging battery technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Wenxiao Huang & Yusheng Ye & Hao Chen & Rafael A. Vilá & Andrew Xiang & Hongxia Wang & Fang Liu & Zhiao Yu & Jinwei Xu & Zewen Zhang & Rong Xu & Yecun Wu & Lien-Yang Chou & Hansen Wang & Junwei Xu & D, 2022. "Onboard early detection and mitigation of lithium plating in fast-charging batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-33486-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33486-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fang Liu & Rong Xu & Yecun Wu & David Thomas Boyle & Ankun Yang & Jinwei Xu & Yangying Zhu & Yusheng Ye & Zhiao Yu & Zewen Zhang & Xin Xiao & Wenxiao Huang & Hansen Wang & Hao Chen & Yi Cui, 2021. "Dynamic spatial progression of isolated lithium during battery operations," Nature, Nature, vol. 600(7890), pages 659-663, December.
    2. Yayuan Liu & Yangying Zhu & Yi Cui, 2019. "Challenges and opportunities towards fast-charging battery materials," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 4(7), pages 540-550, July.
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