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Stochastic flexible transmission operation for coordinated integration of plug-in electric vehicles and renewable energy sources

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  • Nikoobakht, Ahmad
  • Aghaei, Jamshid
  • Khatami, Roohallah
  • Mahboubi-Moghaddam, Esmaeel
  • Parvania, Masood

Abstract

In this paper, the large-scale integration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) with Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology is taken as a promising way to promote the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs). But, it is a challenging task for the independent system operator (ISO) to manage the power flows in its system, especially in the large-scale integration of PEVs and RESs into the transmission system. The coordination between PEV, as distributed storage devices, and variable RESs create variable power flows and loop flows and quests for utilization of controllable devices to manage these flows. The On-load tap changing (OLTC) transformers and phase shifting transformers (PSTs) are two flexible transmission technologies that can be solved this challenge through controlling the power flows. In this paper, a novel model is developed for optimal operation of flexible transmission technologies for coordinated integration of PEVs and RESs in power transmission networks. The proposed model has been implemented on the six-bus and the IEEE 118-bus test systems. The simulation results imply that: (i) The V2G technology of PEV battery can ease the impact of variability of RES on power system operations and reduce operation cost and wind power spillage; (ii) substantial economic savings can be achieved through utilization of both OLTC transformer and PSTs beyond the independent capabilities of each technology.

Suggested Citation

  • Nikoobakht, Ahmad & Aghaei, Jamshid & Khatami, Roohallah & Mahboubi-Moghaddam, Esmaeel & Parvania, Masood, 2019. "Stochastic flexible transmission operation for coordinated integration of plug-in electric vehicles and renewable energy sources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 225-238.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:238:y:2019:i:c:p:225-238
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.12.089
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    9. Nikoobakht, Ahmad & Aghaei, Jamshid & Shafie-khah, Miadreza & Catalão, João P.S., 2020. "Co-operation of electricity and natural gas systems including electric vehicles and variable renewable energy sources based on a continuous-time model approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    10. Shang, Yitong & Yu, Hang & Niu, Songyan & Shao, Ziyun & Jian, Linni, 2021. "Cyber-physical co-modeling and optimal energy dispatching within internet of smart charging points for vehicle-to-grid operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    11. Hosna Khajeh & Hannu Laaksonen & Amin Shokri Gazafroudi & Miadreza Shafie-khah, 2019. "Towards Flexibility Trading at TSO-DSO-Customer Levels: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-19, December.
    12. Tian, Man-Wen & Talebizadehsardari, Pouyan, 2021. "Energy cost and efficiency analysis of building resilience against power outage by shared parking station for electric vehicles and demand response program," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PB).
    13. Nikoobakht, Ahmad & Aghaei, Jamshid & Mokarram, Mohammad Jafar & Shafie-khah, Miadreza & Catalão, João P.S., 2021. "Adaptive robust co-optimization of wind energy generation, electric vehicle batteries and flexible AC transmission system devices," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    14. Viviani Caroline Onishi & Carlos Henggeler Antunes & João Pedro Fernandes Trovão, 2020. "Optimal Energy and Reserve Market Management in Renewable Microgrid-PEVs Parking Lot Systems: V2G, Demand Response and Sustainability Costs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-24, April.
    15. Li, Mengyu & Lenzen, Manfred & Wang, Dai & Nansai, Keisuke, 2020. "GIS-based modelling of electric-vehicle–grid integration in a 100% renewable electricity grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    16. Hong, Jichao & Wang, Zhenpo & Zhang, Tiezhu & Yin, Huaixian & Zhang, Hongxin & Huo, Wei & Zhang, Yi & Li, Yuanyuan, 2019. "Research on integration simulation and balance control of a novel load isolated pure electric driving system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    17. Sridharan, S. & Sivakumar, S. & Shanmugasundaram, N. & Swapna, S. & Vasan Prabhu, V., 2023. "A hybrid approach based energy management for building resilience against power outage by shared parking station for EVs," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    18. Knüpfer, Kristina & Mäll, Martin & Esteban, Miguel & Shibayama, Tomoya, 2021. "Review of mixed-technology vehicle fleet evolution and representation in modelling studies: Policy contexts of Germany and Japan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).

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