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Cooling towers performance in a changing climate: Techno-economic modeling and design optimization

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  • Ayoub, Ali
  • Gjorgiev, Blaže
  • Sansavini, Giovanni

Abstract

This paper presents a model of a natural draft wet type cooling tower, which is based on the conservation laws of thermodynamics. The model assesses the cooling abilities of a tower, the evaporation rate, and the amount of required make-up water, all represented as a function of the atmospheric conditions. The purpose of the model is to estimate the effects of extreme weather conditions on the thermodynamic efficiency of a natural draft wet type cooling tower. World climate is changing and average temperatures are anticipated to rise in the near future, thus affecting the electrical energy generation. To that aim, we study the climate change effects on the ability of natural draft wet type cooling towers to reject heat and hence on the electricity generation of thermal power plants. Additionally, we perform cost-based analyses of a cooling tower considering the long-term projections for air temperature increase, and exemplify our model with reference to a location in France. The results show a remarkable drop in the cooling tower efficiency, and, hence, significant electricity generation losses even when a small increase of atmospheric temperature above the cooling tower design temperature occurs. Furthermore, the results of the cost-based analysis show that large electricity losses are expected. However, the performed cost-based analyses, considering climate change projections, show that even with the highest temperature increase, there is no need for additional tower height. In other words, the concrete costs outweigh the generated revenues from the curtailed power as result of insufficient cooling.

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  • Ayoub, Ali & Gjorgiev, Blaže & Sansavini, Giovanni, 2018. "Cooling towers performance in a changing climate: Techno-economic modeling and design optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 1133-1143.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:160:y:2018:i:c:p:1133-1143
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.07.080
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    Cited by:

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    2. Carmelo J. Leon & Yen E. Lam González & Giovanni Ruggieri & Patrizia Calò, 2022. "Assessing Climate Change Adaptation and Risk Management Programmes: Stakeholder Participation Process and Policy Implications for Transport, Energy and Tourism Sectors on the Island of Sicily," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-21, July.
    3. An, Keju & Farooqui, Azharuddin & McCoy, Sean T., 2022. "The impact of climate on solvent-based direct air capture systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    4. Yang, Lin & Lv, Haodong & Jiang, Dalin & Fan, Jingli & Zhang, Xian & He, Weijun & Zhou, Jinsheng & Wu, Wenjing, 2020. "Whether CCS technologies will exacerbate the water crisis in China? —A full life-cycle analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    5. Xuchen Fan & Xiaofeng Lu & Jiping Wang & Zilong Li & Quanhai Wang & Zhonghao Dong & Rongdi Zhang, 2021. "Performance Evaluation of a Maisotsenko Cycle Cooling Tower with Uneven Length of Dry and Wet Channels in Hot and Humid Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-15, December.
    6. Javadpour, Reza & Zeinali Heris, Saeed & Mohammadfam, Yaghoub, 2021. "Optimizing the effect of concentration and flow rate of water/ MWCNTs nanofluid on the performance of a forced draft cross-flow cooling tower," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    7. Wu, Zhiyong & Lu, Zhibin & Zhang, Bingjian & He, Chang & Chen, Qinglin & Yu, Haoshui & Ren, Jingzheng, 2022. "Stochastic bi-objective optimization for closed wet cooling tower systems based on a simplified analytical model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    8. Guerras, Lidia S. & Martín, Mariano, 2020. "On the water footprint in power production: Sustainable design of wet cooling towers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).

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