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Modeling and analyses of energy performances of photovoltaic greenhouses with sun-tracking functionality

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  • Gao, Yuan
  • Dong, Jianfei
  • Isabella, Olindo
  • Santbergen, Rudi
  • Tan, Hairen
  • Zeman, Miro
  • Zhang, Guoqi

Abstract

Dynamic photovoltaic (PV) greenhouses integrate sustainable energy generation with plant cultivation, offering more possibilities of energy production and microclimate control by adjusting the sun-tracking angles. Previous studies on PV greenhouses barely paid attention to the PV partial shading effects, and rarely recorded the performance across the full range of rotation angles. In this study, we first build computer simulation models of typical greenhouses with high-density (1/2 roof area) and low-density (1/3 and 1/4 roof area) PV layouts. Then four special sun-tracking positions are found in the model of equivalent global irradiance, which is defined as the quotient of the total input power divided by the area of PV module under partial diffuse shadows. Simulation models are also built in terms of PV modules and interior irradiance. Simulations are conducted using the climate data of Delft, the Netherlands (52.01°N,4.36°E). Results show that high-density PVs under no-shading sun tracking generate 6.91% more energy than that under conventional (quasi-perpendicular) sun-tracking. Meanwhile, no-shading sun tracking allows more diffuse sunlight to enter the greenhouse mounted with high-density PV panels, resulting in 10.96% and 10.68% improvement on the annual average global irradiance and uniformity on the target plane compared to the fixed PV panels in the closed position. Regarding low-density PV layouts, which barely suffer from partial shading problems, quasi-perpendicular sun tracking improves the annual energy generation by 7.40% relative to the closed position. However, the average global irradiance reaches the minimum in this position because more sunlight is blocked by PVs. Meanwhile, the average uniformity of global irradiance reveals good (but not the best) performance, resulting in up to 9.80% (1/3 coverage) and 4.70% (1/4 coverage) improvement respectively compared to the closed position. The proposed methods and simulation results provide guidelines for the initial design and daily operation of PV greenhouses, aiming to balance the PV power generation and food production.

Suggested Citation

  • Gao, Yuan & Dong, Jianfei & Isabella, Olindo & Santbergen, Rudi & Tan, Hairen & Zeman, Miro & Zhang, Guoqi, 2019. "Modeling and analyses of energy performances of photovoltaic greenhouses with sun-tracking functionality," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 424-442.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:233-234:y:2019:i::p:424-442
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.019
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    Cited by:

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    8. Yano, Akira & Cossu, Marco, 2019. "Energy sustainable greenhouse crop cultivation using photovoltaic technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 116-137.
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    12. Bushra, Nayab & Hartmann, Timo & Constantin Ungureanu, Lucian, 2022. "A method for global potential assessment of roof integrated two-stage solar concentrators (TSSCs) at district scale," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
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    15. Karni Siraganyan & Amarasinghage Tharindu Dasun Perera & Jean-Louis Scartezzini & Dasaraden Mauree, 2019. "Eco-Sim: A Parametric Tool to Evaluate the Environmental and Economic Feasibility of Decentralized Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-22, February.
    16. Barbón, A. & Carreira-Fontao, V. & Bayón, L. & Silva, C.A., 2023. "Optimal design and cost analysis of single-axis tracking photovoltaic power plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 626-646.
    17. Carlos Toledo & Alessandra Scognamiglio, 2021. "Agrivoltaic Systems Design and Assessment: A Critical Review, and a Descriptive Model towards a Sustainable Landscape Vision (Three-Dimensional Agrivoltaic Patterns)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-38, June.
    18. Wu, Gang & Yang, Qichang & Zhang, Yi & Fang, Hui & Feng, Chaoqing & Zheng, Hongfei, 2020. "Energy and optical analysis of photovoltaic thermal integrated with rotary linear curved Fresnel lens inside a Chinese solar greenhouse," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    19. Zhu, Yongqiang & Liu, Jiahao & Yang, Xiaohua, 2020. "Design and performance analysis of a solar tracking system with a novel single-axis tracking structure to maximize energy collection," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).

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