Agrivoltaics system for sustainable agriculture and green energy in Bangladesh

Solar photovoltaic generation has become the dominant global method of producing renewable electricity around the globe. However, solar PV farms require a considerable amount of land. Agrivoltaics has been a promising field of interest recently as this system maximizes the land's utilization by producing crops beneath the photovoltaics panels. This paper proposes a new agrivoltaics system that simultaneously produces crops and electrical power by installing PV panels on agricultural land in such a way that the production of regular crops does not get curtailed and can still grow around and beneath the panels, avoiding any reduction in crop yield. The architectural design of the proposed mounting structure and the installation method are discussed, ensuring full utilization of the land area under the panel with no crop limitations. Bangladesh is considered a case study location as its economy is mostly dependent on agriculture. The country started allocating enormous amounts of farmland for solar photovoltaic farms to mitigate the energy crisis. After a preliminary survey, an agrivoltaics system was designed, developed and installed in the Chuadanga District of Bangladesh. Then a detailed techno-economic analysis was performed to evaluate the feasibility and economic viability of the implemented agrivoltaics project. A comparative analysis of seven different scenarios is demonstrated in terms of equity payback, internal rate of return, modified internal rate of return, net present value, annual life cycle savings, and benefit-cost ratio to determine the optimum agrivoltaics approach as well as to showcase the superiority of the proposed system. The results demonstrate that the proposed agrivoltaics system achieves full land utilization, by producing crops along with electricity generation with the lowest payback period, highest profit margin, and highest benefit-cost ratio over the project lifetime.