IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v210y2018icp690-698.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Active battery cell equalization based on residual available energy maximization

Author

Listed:
  • Diao, Weiping
  • Xue, Nan
  • Bhattacharjee, Vikram
  • Jiang, Jiuchun
  • Karabasoglu, Orkun
  • Pecht, Michael

Abstract

The residual available energy (RAE) of a battery pack is an important parameter for determination of the amount of energy left in the battery pack. The RAE is defined as a function of the cell’s initial state of charge (SOC), discharge current, cell capacity and internal resistance. Battery management systems achieve active equalization through balancing either the SOC or the terminal voltage of battery packs. Recent research discovered that these equalization schemes cannot maximize RAE of the battery pack due to the variation of internal resistances and capacities of the cells in the pack. On the other hand, terminal voltage equalization is not applicable for batteries having a flat SOC-open-circuit voltage curve. This paper introduces the framework to calculate the RAE of a battery pack incorporating the variation of internal resistance and capacity of the individual cells in a pack. It further proposes a novel active battery cell equalization technique based on an RAE maximization scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed equalization scheme is validated through experimental results with a comparison of the energy utilization efficiency. The solution methodology and the results are discussed in the paper.

Suggested Citation

  • Diao, Weiping & Xue, Nan & Bhattacharjee, Vikram & Jiang, Jiuchun & Karabasoglu, Orkun & Pecht, Michael, 2018. "Active battery cell equalization based on residual available energy maximization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 690-698.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:210:y:2018:i:c:p:690-698
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.137
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261917310115
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.137?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wei, Jingwen & Dong, Guangzhong & Chen, Zonghai & Kang, Yu, 2017. "System state estimation and optimal energy control framework for multicell lithium-ion battery system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 37-49.
    2. Zhang, Caiping & Jiang, Yan & Jiang, Jiuchun & Cheng, Gong & Diao, Weiping & Zhang, Weige, 2017. "Study on battery pack consistency evolutions and equilibrium diagnosis for serial- connected lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 510-519.
    3. He, Hongwen & Xiong, Rui & Peng, Jiankun, 2016. "Real-time estimation of battery state-of-charge with unscented Kalman filter and RTOS μCOS-II platform," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1410-1418.
    4. Weiping Diao & Jiuchun Jiang & Hui Liang & Caiping Zhang & Yan Jiang & Leyi Wang & Biqiang Mu, 2016. "Flexible Grouping for Enhanced Energy Utilization Efficiency in Battery Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-15, June.
    5. He, HongWen & Zhang, YongZhi & Xiong, Rui & Wang, Chun, 2015. "A novel Gaussian model based battery state estimation approach: State-of-Energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 41-48.
    6. Wang, Yujie & Zhang, Chenbin & Chen, Zonghai, 2014. "A method for joint estimation of state-of-charge and available energy of LiFePO4 batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 81-87.
    7. Wang, Yujie & Zhang, Chenbin & Chen, Zonghai & Xie, Jing & Zhang, Xu, 2015. "A novel active equalization method for lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 36-42.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Alfredo Alvarez-Diazcomas & Adyr A. Estévez-Bén & Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz & Miguel-Angel Martínez-Prado & Roberto V. Carrillo-Serrano & Suresh Thenozhi, 2020. "A Review of Battery Equalizer Circuits for Electric Vehicle Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-29, October.
    2. Chang, Chun & Wu, Yutong & Jiang, Jiuchun & Jiang, Yan & Tian, Aina & Li, Taiyu & Gao, Yang, 2022. "Prognostics of the state of health for lithium-ion battery packs in energy storage applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    3. Song, Ziyou & Hofmann, Heath & Lin, Xinfan & Han, Xuebing & Hou, Jun, 2018. "Parameter identification of lithium-ion battery pack for different applications based on Cramer-Rao bound analysis and experimental study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 1307-1318.
    4. Fan, Xinyuan & Zhang, Weige & Sun, Bingxiang & Zhang, Junwei & He, Xitian, 2022. "Battery pack consistency modeling based on generative adversarial networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    5. Jiang, Yan & Jiang, Jiuchun & Zhang, Caiping & Zhang, Weige & Gao, Yang & Mi, Chris, 2019. "A Copula-based battery pack consistency modeling method and its application on the energy utilization efficiency estimation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    6. Peng, Simin & Miao, Yifan & Xiong, Rui & Bai, Jiawei & Cheng, Mengzeng & Pecht, Michael, 2024. "State of charge estimation for a parallel battery pack jointly by fuzzy-PI model regulator and adaptive unscented Kalman filter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 360(C).
    7. Turksoy, Arzu & Teke, Ahmet & Alkaya, Alkan, 2020. "A comprehensive overview of the dc-dc converter-based battery charge balancing methods in electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    8. Hong, Jichao & Wang, Zhenpo & Zhang, Tiezhu & Yin, Huaixian & Zhang, Hongxin & Huo, Wei & Zhang, Yi & Li, Yuanyuan, 2019. "Research on integration simulation and balance control of a novel load isolated pure electric driving system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    9. Bhattacharjee, Vikram & Khan, Irfan, 2018. "A non-linear convex cost model for economic dispatch in microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 637-648.
    10. Yang, Jufeng & Huang, Wenxin & Xia, Bing & Mi, Chris, 2019. "The improved open-circuit voltage characterization test using active polarization voltage reduction method," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 682-694.
    11. An, Fulai & Zhang, Weige & Sun, Bingxiang & Jiang, Jiuchun & Fan, Xinyuan, 2023. "A novel battery pack inconsistency model and influence degree analysis of inconsistency on output energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    12. Weiping Diao & Saurabh Saxena & Bongtae Han & Michael Pecht, 2019. "Algorithm to Determine the Knee Point on Capacity Fade Curves of Lithium-Ion Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-9, July.
    13. Xiaogang Wu & Zhihao Cui & Xuefeng Li & Jiuyu Du & Ye Liu, 2019. "Control Strategy for Active Hierarchical Equalization Circuits of Series Battery Packs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-18, May.
    14. Shixin Song & Feng Xiao & Silun Peng & Chuanxue Song & Yulong Shao, 2018. "A High-Efficiency Bidirectional Active Balance for Electric Vehicle Battery Packs Based on Model Predictive Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, November.
    15. Rogers, Daniel J. & Aslett, Louis J.M. & Troffaes, Matthias C.M., 2021. "Modelling of modular battery systems under cell capacity variation and degradation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    16. Li, Penghua & Liu, Jianfei & Deng, Zhongwei & Yang, Yalian & Lin, Xianke & Couture, Jonathan & Hu, Xiaosong, 2022. "Increasing energy utilization of battery energy storage via active multivariable fusion-driven balancing," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    17. Yunfeng Jiang & Louis J. Shrinkle & Raymond A. de Callafon, 2019. "Autonomous Demand-Side Current Scheduling of Parallel Buck Regulated Battery Modules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-20, May.
    18. E, Jiaqiang & Zhang, Bin & Zeng, Yan & Wen, Ming & Wei, Kexiang & Huang, Zhonghua & Chen, Jingwei & Zhu, Hao & Deng, Yuanwang, 2022. "Effects analysis on active equalization control of lithium-ion batteries based on intelligent estimation of the state-of-charge," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    19. Hui Liang & Long Guo & Junhong Song & Yong Yang & Weige Zhang & Hongfeng Qi, 2018. "State-of-Charge Balancing Control of a Modular Multilevel Converter with an Integrated Battery Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-18, April.
    20. Zhong, Hao & Lei, Fei & Zhu, Wenhao & Zhang, Zhe, 2022. "An operation efficacy-oriented predictive control management for power-redistributable lithium-ion battery pack," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    21. Wojciech Kurpiel & Przemysław Deja & Bartosz Polnik & Marcin Skóra & Bogdan Miedziński & Marcin Habrych & Grzegorz Debita & Monika Zamłyńska & Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski, 2021. "Performance of Passive and Active Balancing Systems of Lithium Batteries in Onerous Mine Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-15, November.
    22. Fan, Feilong & Huang, Wentao & Tai, Nengling & Zheng, Xiaodong & Hu, Yan & Ma, Zhoujun, 2018. "A conditional depreciation balancing strategy for the equitable operation of extended hybrid energy storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1937-1952.
    23. Chein-Chung Sun & Chun-Hung Chou & Yu-Liang Lin & Yu-Hua Huang, 2022. "A Cost-Effective Passive/Active Hybrid Equalizer Circuit Design," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-20, March.
    24. Yang Yang & Wenchao Zhu & Changjun Xie & Ying Shi & Furong Liu & Weibo Li & Zebo Tang, 2020. "A Layered Bidirectional Active Equalization Method for Retired Power Lithium-Ion Batteries for Energy Storage Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-15, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zheng, Linfeng & Zhu, Jianguo & Wang, Guoxiu & He, Tingting & Wei, Yiying, 2016. "Novel methods for estimating lithium-ion battery state of energy and maximum available energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 1-8.
    2. Wang, Shunli & Shang, Liping & Li, Zhanfeng & Deng, Hu & Li, Jianchao, 2016. "Online dynamic equalization adjustment of high-power lithium-ion battery packs based on the state of balance estimation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 44-58.
    3. Chang, Chun & Wu, Yutong & Jiang, Jiuchun & Jiang, Yan & Tian, Aina & Li, Taiyu & Gao, Yang, 2022. "Prognostics of the state of health for lithium-ion battery packs in energy storage applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    4. Wei, Zhongbao & Lim, Tuti Mariana & Skyllas-Kazacos, Maria & Wai, Nyunt & Tseng, King Jet, 2016. "Online state of charge and model parameter co-estimation based on a novel multi-timescale estimator for vanadium redox flow battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 169-179.
    5. Tian, Jiaqiang & Fan, Yuan & Pan, Tianhong & Zhang, Xu & Yin, Jianning & Zhang, Qingping, 2024. "A critical review on inconsistency mechanism, evaluation methods and improvement measures for lithium-ion battery energy storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    6. Zhang, Caiping & Jiang, Yan & Jiang, Jiuchun & Cheng, Gong & Diao, Weiping & Zhang, Weige, 2017. "Study on battery pack consistency evolutions and equilibrium diagnosis for serial- connected lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 510-519.
    7. Lin, Cheng & Mu, Hao & Xiong, Rui & Cao, Jiayi, 2017. "Multi-model probabilities based state fusion estimation method of lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles: State-of-energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 560-568.
    8. Jian Yang & Jaewook Jung & Samira Ghorbanpour & Sekyung Han, 2022. "Data–Driven Fault Diagnosis and Cause Analysis of Battery Pack with Real Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-19, February.
    9. Turksoy, Arzu & Teke, Ahmet & Alkaya, Alkan, 2020. "A comprehensive overview of the dc-dc converter-based battery charge balancing methods in electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    10. Adnan Ashraf & Basit Ali & Mothanna S. A. Alsunjury & Hakime Goren & Halise Kilicoglu & Faysal Hardan & Pietro Tricoli, 2024. "Review of Cell-Balancing Schemes for Electric Vehicle Battery Management Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-18, March.
    11. Zhang, Xu & Wang, Yujie & Yang, Duo & Chen, Zonghai, 2016. "An on-line estimation of battery pack parameters and state-of-charge using dual filters based on pack model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 219-229.
    12. Wei, Zhongbao & Meng, Shujuan & Xiong, Binyu & Ji, Dongxu & Tseng, King Jet, 2016. "Enhanced online model identification and state of charge estimation for lithium-ion battery with a FBCRLS based observer," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 332-341.
    13. Li, Shuangqi & He, Hongwen & Li, Jianwei, 2019. "Big data driven lithium-ion battery modeling method based on SDAE-ELM algorithm and data pre-processing technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1259-1273.
    14. Xiudong Cui & Weixiang Shen & Yunlei Zhang & Cungang Hu, 2017. "A Novel Active Online State of Charge Based Balancing Approach for Lithium-Ion Battery Packs during Fast Charging Process in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-17, November.
    15. An, Fulai & Zhang, Weige & Sun, Bingxiang & Jiang, Jiuchun & Fan, Xinyuan, 2023. "A novel battery pack inconsistency model and influence degree analysis of inconsistency on output energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    16. Wang, Yujie & Tian, Jiaqiang & Sun, Zhendong & Wang, Li & Xu, Ruilong & Li, Mince & Chen, Zonghai, 2020. "A comprehensive review of battery modeling and state estimation approaches for advanced battery management systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    17. Fan, Xinyuan & Zhang, Weige & Sun, Bingxiang & Zhang, Junwei & He, Xitian, 2022. "Battery pack consistency modeling based on generative adversarial networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    18. Jiang, Yan & Jiang, Jiuchun & Zhang, Caiping & Zhang, Weige & Gao, Yang & Mi, Chris, 2019. "A Copula-based battery pack consistency modeling method and its application on the energy utilization efficiency estimation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    19. Wang, Yujie & Chen, Zonghai & Zhang, Chenbin, 2017. "On-line remaining energy prediction: A case study in embedded battery management system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 688-695.
    20. Patil, Meru A. & Tagade, Piyush & Hariharan, Krishnan S. & Kolake, Subramanya M. & Song, Taewon & Yeo, Taejung & Doo, Seokgwang, 2015. "A novel multistage Support Vector Machine based approach for Li ion battery remaining useful life estimation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 285-297.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:210:y:2018:i:c:p:690-698. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.