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Flexible Grouping for Enhanced Energy Utilization Efficiency in Battery Energy Storage Systems

Author

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  • Weiping Diao

    (National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center (NANTEC), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Jiuchun Jiang

    (National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center (NANTEC), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Hui Liang

    (National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center (NANTEC), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Caiping Zhang

    (National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center (NANTEC), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Yan Jiang

    (National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center (NANTEC), Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
    Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Leyi Wang

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA)

  • Biqiang Mu

    (The Key Laboratory of Systems and Control of CAS, Institute of Systems Science, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)

Abstract

As a critical subsystem in electric vehicles and smart grids, a battery energy storage system plays an essential role in enhancement of reliable operation and system performance. In such applications, a battery energy storage system is required to provide high energy utilization efficiency, as well as reliability. However, capacity inconsistency of batteries affects energy utilization efficiency dramatically; and the situation becomes more severe after hundreds of cycles because battery capacities change randomly due to non-uniform aging. Capacity mismatch can be solved by decomposing a cluster of batteries in series into several low voltage battery packs. This paper introduces a new analysis method to optimize energy utilization efficiency by finding the best number of batteries in a pack, based on capacity distribution, order statistics, central limit theorem, and converter efficiency. Considering both battery energy utilization and power electronics efficiency, it establishes that there is a maximum energy utilization efficiency under a given capacity distribution among a certain number of batteries, which provides a basic analysis for system-level optimization of a battery system throughout its life cycle. Quantitative analysis results based on aging data are illustrated, and a prototype of flexible energy storage systems is built to verify this analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Weiping Diao & Jiuchun Jiang & Hui Liang & Caiping Zhang & Yan Jiang & Leyi Wang & Biqiang Mu, 2016. "Flexible Grouping for Enhanced Energy Utilization Efficiency in Battery Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:7:p:498-:d:73023
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Junhong Song & Weige Zhang & Hui Liang & Jiuchun Jiang & Wensong Yu, 2018. "Fault-Tolerant Control for a Flexible Group Battery Energy Storage System Based on Cascaded Multilevel Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-19, January.
    3. Jiang, Yan & Jiang, Jiuchun & Zhang, Caiping & Zhang, Weige & Gao, Yang & Mi, Chris, 2019. "A Copula-based battery pack consistency modeling method and its application on the energy utilization efficiency estimation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    4. Zhang, Caiping & Jiang, Yan & Jiang, Jiuchun & Cheng, Gong & Diao, Weiping & Zhang, Weige, 2017. "Study on battery pack consistency evolutions and equilibrium diagnosis for serial- connected lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 510-519.
    5. An, Fulai & Zhang, Weige & Sun, Bingxiang & Jiang, Jiuchun & Fan, Xinyuan, 2023. "A novel battery pack inconsistency model and influence degree analysis of inconsistency on output energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    6. István Árpád & Judit T. Kiss & Gábor Bellér & Dénes Kocsis, 2021. "Sustainability Investigation of Vehicles’ CO 2 Emission in Hungary," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-15, July.
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    9. Diao, Weiping & Xue, Nan & Bhattacharjee, Vikram & Jiang, Jiuchun & Karabasoglu, Orkun & Pecht, Michael, 2018. "Active battery cell equalization based on residual available energy maximization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 690-698.

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