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Optimizing the performance of small-scale organic Rankine cycle that utilizes a single-screw expander

Author

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  • Ziviani, D.
  • Gusev, S.
  • Lecompte, S.
  • Groll, E.A.
  • Braun, J.E.
  • Horton, W.T.
  • van den Broek, M.
  • De Paepe, M.

Abstract

This paper deals with the operation and optimization of a down-scaled industrial organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for low-grade waste heat recovery. The system is a sub-critical regenerative ORC with a nominal power output of 11kW. The ORC unit has been assembled using off-the-shelf components including three identical plate heat exchangers, a liquid receiver, a multi-stage centrifugal pump and a single-screw compressor adapted to operate as an expander. The experimental results are used to evaluate the influence of the expander performance on the behavior of the ORC system at nominal and part-load conditions. The matching between the volumetric expander and the system operating conditions is also analyzed. Results showed that in the case of SES36, both the expander efficiency and system performance were maximized for a pressure ratio between 7 and 9. In the case of R245fa, while the system efficiency achieved values similar to SES36, but the expander maximum isentropic efficiency was 17% lower. Two analyses are carried out to optimize the operation of the ORC unit with R245fa. At first, the insights gained by analyzing the experimental data are used to evaluate the theoretical matching between volumetric expander and the system maximum efficiency in terms of the Second Law of thermodynamics. Secondly, a control-oriented steady-state cycle model based on empirical correlations calibrated on the experimental results is developed. The model is used to implement a feed-forward control strategy based on predetermined steady-state points that allow to optimize the operation of the ORC unit. The frequency of the pump is used as controlled variable. The steady-state experimental data of both working fluids is provided in an electronic annex.

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  • Ziviani, D. & Gusev, S. & Lecompte, S. & Groll, E.A. & Braun, J.E. & Horton, W.T. & van den Broek, M. & De Paepe, M., 2017. "Optimizing the performance of small-scale organic Rankine cycle that utilizes a single-screw expander," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 416-432.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:189:y:2017:i:c:p:416-432
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.070
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    Cited by:

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    7. Hernandez, Andres & Desideri, Adriano & Gusev, Sergei & Ionescu, Clara M. & Den Broek, Martijn Van & Quoilin, Sylvain & Lemort, Vincent & De Keyser, Robin, 2017. "Design and experimental validation of an adaptive control law to maximize the power generation of a small-scale waste heat recovery system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 549-559.
    8. Shen, Lili & Wang, Wei & Wu, Yuting & Lei, Biao & Zhi, Ruiping & Lu, Yuanwei & Wang, Jingfu & Ma, Chongfang, 2018. "A study of clearance height on the performance of single-screw expanders in small-scale organic Rankine cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 45-55.
    9. Chatzopoulou, Maria Anna & Lecompte, Steven & Paepe, Michel De & Markides, Christos N., 2019. "Off-design optimisation of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) engines with different heat exchangers and volumetric expanders in waste heat recovery applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    10. Zhi, Ruiping & Lei, Biao & Zhang, Cancan & Ji, Weining & Wu, Yuting, 2021. "Experimental study of single screw expander with different oil-gas separators in compressed air powered system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    11. Chatzopoulou, Maria Anna & Simpson, Michael & Sapin, Paul & Markides, Christos N., 2019. "Off-design optimisation of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) engines with piston expanders for medium-scale combined heat and power applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 1211-1236.
    12. Wang, Wei & Qiao, Han & Lei, Biao & Wu, Yu-ting & Ma, Chong-fang, 2021. "Experimental study on the influence of inlet and exhaust pressure loss on the performance of single screw expanders," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    13. Potenza, Marco & Milanese, Marco & Colangelo, Gianpiero & de Risi, Arturo, 2017. "Experimental investigation of transparent parabolic trough collector based on gas-phase nanofluid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 560-570.
    14. Lei, Biao & Yu, Hai-bin & Li, Guo-qiang & Wu, Yu-Ting & Wang, Wei, 2022. "Thermodynamic investigations on internal generator cooling for hermetic expanders in Organic Rankine Cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    15. Tian, Yafen & Xing, Ziwen & He, Zhilong & Wu, Huagen, 2017. "Modeling and performance analysis of twin-screw steam expander under fluctuating operating conditions in steam pipeline pressure energy recovery applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 692-701.
    16. Li, Guoqiang & Lei, Biao & Wu, Yuting & Zhi, Ruiping & Zhao, Yingkun & Guo, Zhiyu & Liu, Guangyu & Ma, Chongfang, 2018. "Influence of inlet pressure and rotational speed on the performance of high pressure single screw expander prototype," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 279-285.
    17. Ping, Xu & Yang, Fubin & Zhang, Hongguang & Wang, Yan & Lei, Biao & Wu, Yuting, 2022. "Performance limits of the single screw expander in organic Rankine cycle with ensemble learning and hyperdimensional evolutionary many-objective optimization algorithm intervention," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    18. Casari, Nicola & Fadiga, Ettore & Pinelli, Michele & Randi, Saverio & Suman, Alessio & Ziviani, Davide, 2020. "Investigation of flow characteristics in a single screw expander: A numerical approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).

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