IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v177y2016icp187-195.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effects of engine misfire on regulated, unregulated emissions from a methanol-fueled vehicle and its ozone forming potential

Author

Listed:
  • Wang, Xin
  • Ge, Yunshan
  • Zhang, Chuanzhen
  • Tan, Jianwei
  • Hao, Lijun
  • Liu, Jia
  • Gong, Huiming

Abstract

Methanol is a feasible and promising alternative fuel for passenger cars, particularly in China. However, methanol-fueled vehicles struggle with stronger low-temperature operating instability and increased chance of misfire. In prior publications, the impacts of engine misfire on the regulated and unregulated emissions from methanol-fueled vehicles have been merely discussed. In this paper, regulated emissions, unburned methanol, carbonyl and VOC emissions from a China-5 (equivalent to Euro-5b+IUPR) certificated methanol-fueled car were measured over new European driving cycle (NEDC). By using a SAE J2901-compatible generator, two misfire rates (6% and 9%) were employed to mimic ordinary and severe engine malfunction statuses. Emission results were also put into comparison with the current Euro-5 and the upcoming Euro-6c OBD threshold limits, and used to estimate Carter MIR-based ozone forming potential. The results demonstrated that, both CO and THC emissions increased with misfire rate while NOx emission persistently decreased with intensified engine misfire. Even with a misfire rate up to 9%, all the regulated emissions were significantly lower than their thresholds regulated in Euro-5 and Euro-6c, which meant the current OBD requirements were too tolerant for methanol vehicles. It is proposed that, countries regarding methanol as a future option, shall promulgate methanol-specific emission standards in advance. Unburned methanol emission increased by at least 1.6 and 5.7 times when misfire rates of 6% and 9% were used. Both carbonyl and VOC emissions increased corresponding to higher misfire rates. Formaldehyde and toluene were found the key pollutants of carbonyls and VOCs. An increase in anticipated ozone forming potential (OFP) together with a decrease in specific reactivity (SR) was also noticed with the rising of misfire rate. Among all the pollutants, CO, toluene, xylene and formaldehyde were the chief species contributing to secondary ozone formation.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Xin & Ge, Yunshan & Zhang, Chuanzhen & Tan, Jianwei & Hao, Lijun & Liu, Jia & Gong, Huiming, 2016. "Effects of engine misfire on regulated, unregulated emissions from a methanol-fueled vehicle and its ozone forming potential," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 187-195.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:177:y:2016:i:c:p:187-195
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.092
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261916306894
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.092?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Qi, D.H. & Chen, H. & Geng, L.M. & Bian, Y.ZH. & Ren, X.CH., 2010. "Performance and combustion characteristics of biodiesel-diesel-methanol blend fuelled engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(5), pages 1679-1686, May.
    2. Liang, Chen & Ji, Changwei & Gao, Binbin, 2013. "Load characteristics of a spark-ignited ethanol engine with DME enrichment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 500-506.
    3. Li, Yaopeng & Jia, Ming & Liu, Yaodong & Xie, Maozhao, 2013. "Numerical study on the combustion and emission characteristics of a methanol/diesel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 184-197.
    4. Costagliola, M.A. & De Simio, L. & Iannaccone, S. & Prati, M.V., 2013. "Combustion efficiency and engine out emissions of a S.I. engine fueled with alcohol/gasoline blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 1162-1171.
    5. Vancoillie, J. & Demuynck, J. & Sileghem, L. & Van De Ginste, M. & Verhelst, S. & Brabant, L. & Van Hoorebeke, L., 2013. "The potential of methanol as a fuel for flex-fuel and dedicated spark-ignition engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 140-149.
    6. Vancoillie, J. & Sileghem, L. & Verhelst, S., 2014. "Development and validation of a quasi-dimensional model for methanol and ethanol fueled SI engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 412-425.
    7. Wang, Xin & Ge, Yunshan & Liu, Linlin & Peng, Zihang & Hao, Lijun & Yin, Hang & Ding, Yan & Wang, Junfang, 2015. "Evaluation on toxic reduction and fuel economy of a gasoline direct injection- (GDI-) powered passenger car fueled with methanol–gasoline blends with various substitution ratios," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 134-143.
    8. Mat Yasin, M.H. & Yusaf, Talal & Mamat, R. & Fitri Yusop, A., 2014. "Characterization of a diesel engine operating with a small proportion of methanol as a fuel additive in biodiesel blend," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 865-873.
    9. Clairotte, M. & Adam, T.W. & Zardini, A.A. & Manfredi, U. & Martini, G. & Krasenbrink, A. & Vicet, A. & Tournié, E. & Astorga, C., 2013. "Effects of low temperature on the cold start gaseous emissions from light duty vehicles fuelled by ethanol-blended gasoline," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 44-54.
    10. Turner, J.W.G. & Pearson, R.J. & Dekker, E. & Iosefa, B. & Johansson, K. & ac Bergström, K., 2013. "Extending the role of alcohols as transport fuels using iso-stoichiometric ternary blends of gasoline, ethanol and methanol," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 72-86.
    11. Liang, Chen & Ji, Changwei & Liu, Xiaolong, 2011. "Combustion and emissions performance of a DME-enriched spark-ignited methanol engine at idle condition," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(11), pages 3704-3711.
    12. Pérez-Fortes, Mar & Schöneberger, Jan C. & Boulamanti, Aikaterini & Tzimas, Evangelos, 2016. "Methanol synthesis using captured CO2 as raw material: Techno-economic and environmental assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 718-732.
    13. Bahri, Bahram & Aziz, Azhar Abdul & Shahbakhti, Mahdi & Muhamad Said, Mohd Farid, 2013. "Understanding and detecting misfire in an HCCI engine fuelled with ethanol," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 24-33.
    14. Zhang, Bo & Ji, Changwei & Wang, Shuofeng & Liu, Xiaolong, 2014. "Combustion and emissions characteristics of a spark-ignition engine fueled with hydrogen–methanol blends under lean and various loads conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 829-835.
    15. Yao, Yung-Chen & Tsai, Jiun-Horng & Wang, I-Ting, 2013. "Emissions of gaseous pollutant from motorcycle powered by ethanol–gasoline blend," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 93-100.
    16. Zhou, D.Z. & Yang, W.M. & An, H. & Li, J., 2015. "Application of CFD-chemical kinetics approach in detecting RCCI engine knocking fuelled with biodiesel/methanol," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 255-264.
    17. Gong, Changming & Huang, Kuo & Deng, Baoqing & Liu, Xunjun, 2011. "Catalyst light-off behavior of a spark-ignition LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) engine during cold start," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 53-59.
    18. Chmielniak, Tomasz & Sciazko, Marek, 2003. "Co-gasification of biomass and coal for methanol synthesis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(3-4), pages 393-403, March.
    19. Poran, Arnon & Tartakovsky, Leonid, 2015. "Energy efficiency of a direct-injection internal combustion engine with high-pressure methanol steam reforming," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 506-514.
    20. Agarwal, Avinash Kumar & Shukla, Pravesh Chandra & Gupta, Jai Gopal & Patel, Chetankumar & Prasad, Rajesh Kumar & Sharma, Nikhil, 2015. "Unregulated emissions from a gasohol (E5, E15, M5, and M15) fuelled spark ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 732-741.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Li, Wenjia & Hao, Yong & Wang, Hongsheng & Liu, Hao & Sui, Jun, 2017. "Efficient and low-carbon heat and power cogeneration with photovoltaics and thermochemical storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 1523-1531.
    2. Sheng Su & Yunshan Ge & Xin Wang & Mengzhu Zhang & Lijun Hao & Jianwei Tan & Fulu Shi & Dongdong Guo & Zhengjun Yang, 2020. "Evaluating the In-Service Emissions of High-Mileage Dedicated Methanol-Fueled Passenger Cars: Regulated and Unregulated Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-15, May.
    3. Li, Wenjia & Hao, Yong, 2017. "Efficient solar power generation combining photovoltaics and mid-/low-temperature methanol thermochemistry," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 377-385.
    4. Shi, Lei & Ji, Changwei & Wang, Shuofeng & Su, Teng & Cong, Xiaoyu & Wang, Du & Tang, Chuanqi, 2019. "Effects of second injection timing on combustion characteristics of the spark ignition direct injection gasoline engines with dimethyl ether enrichment in the intake port," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 10-18.
    5. Natalia Szymlet & Łukasz Rymaniak & Beata Kurc, 2024. "Chromatographic Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Exhaust Gas Samples from Urban Two-Wheeled Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-17, February.
    6. Gong, Changming & Liu, Jiajun & Peng, Legao & Liu, Fenghua, 2017. "Numerical study of effect of injection and ignition timings on combustion and unregulated emissions of DISI methanol engine during cold start," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 457-465.
    7. Gong, Changming & Li, Zhaohui & Sun, Jingzhen & Liu, Fenghua, 2020. "Evaluation on combustion and lean-burn limitof a medium compression ratio hydrogen/methanol dual-injection spark-ignition engine under methanol late-injection," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    8. Oumer, A.N. & Hasan, M.M. & Baheta, Aklilu Tesfamichael & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, A.A., 2018. "Bio-based liquid fuels as a source of renewable energy: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 82-98.
    9. Xin Gu & Kaitao Chen & Min Cai & Zhongyi Yin & Xingang Liu & Xingru Li, 2023. "Study on the Fingerprint and Atmospheric Activity of Volatile Organic Compounds from Typical Industrial Emissions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-14, February.
    10. Gong, Changming & Si, Xiankai & Wang, Kang & Wei, Fuxing & Liu, Fenghua, 2018. "Numerical analysis of carbon monoxide, formaldehyde and unburned methanol emissions with ozone addition from a direct-injection spark-ignition methanol engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 432-442.
    11. Poran, A. & Tartakovsky, L., 2017. "Performance and emissions of a direct injection internal combustion engine devised for joint operation with a high-pressure thermochemical recuperation system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 214-226.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Xin & Ge, Yunshan & Liu, Linlin & Peng, Zihang & Hao, Lijun & Yin, Hang & Ding, Yan & Wang, Junfang, 2015. "Evaluation on toxic reduction and fuel economy of a gasoline direct injection- (GDI-) powered passenger car fueled with methanol–gasoline blends with various substitution ratios," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 134-143.
    2. Gong, Changming & Liu, Jiajun & Peng, Legao & Liu, Fenghua, 2017. "Numerical study of effect of injection and ignition timings on combustion and unregulated emissions of DISI methanol engine during cold start," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 457-465.
    3. Sheng Su & Yunshan Ge & Xin Wang & Mengzhu Zhang & Lijun Hao & Jianwei Tan & Fulu Shi & Dongdong Guo & Zhengjun Yang, 2020. "Evaluating the In-Service Emissions of High-Mileage Dedicated Methanol-Fueled Passenger Cars: Regulated and Unregulated Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-15, May.
    4. Gong, Changming & Yu, Jiawei & Wang, Kang & Liu, Jiajun & Huang, Wei & Si, Xiankai & Wei, Fuxing & Liu, Fenghua & Han, Yongqiang, 2018. "Numerical study of plasma produced ozone assisted combustion in a direct injection spark ignition methanol engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 1028-1037.
    5. Ji, Changwei & Yang, Jinxin & Liu, Xiaolong & Wang, Shuofeng & Zhang, Bo & Wang, Du, 2016. "Enhancing the fuel economy and emissions performance of a gasoline engine-powered vehicle with idle elimination and hydrogen start," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 135-144.
    6. Morganti, Kai & Al-Abdullah, Marwan & Alzubail, Abdullah & Kalghatgi, Gautam & Viollet, Yoann & Head, Robert & Khan, Ahmad & Abdul-Manan, Amir, 2017. "Synergistic engine-fuel technologies for light-duty vehicles: Fuel economy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 1538-1561.
    7. Zhen, Xudong & Wang, Yang, 2015. "An overview of methanol as an internal combustion engine fuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 477-493.
    8. Wang, Shuofeng & Ji, Changwei & Zhang, Bo & Liu, Xiaolong, 2014. "Lean burn performance of a hydrogen-blended gasoline engine at the wide open throttle condition," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 43-50.
    9. Al-Qahtani, Amjad & González-Garay, Andrés & Bernardi, Andrea & Galán-Martín, Ángel & Pozo, Carlos & Dowell, Niall Mac & Chachuat, Benoit & Guillén-Gosálbez, Gonzalo, 2020. "Electricity grid decarbonisation or green methanol fuel? A life-cycle modelling and analysis of today′s transportation-power nexus," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    10. Cho, Jaeho & Si, Woosung & Jang, Wonwook & Jin, Dongyoung & Myung, Cha-Lee & Park, Simsoo, 2015. "Impact of intermediate ethanol blends on particulate matter emission from a spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 592-602.
    11. Awad, Omar I. & Mamat, R. & Ibrahim, Thamir K. & Hammid, Ali Thaeer & Yusri, I.M. & Hamidi, Mohd Adnin & Humada, Ali M. & Yusop, A.F., 2018. "Overview of the oxygenated fuels in spark ignition engine: Environmental and performance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 394-408.
    12. Gong, Changming & Li, Zhaohui & Sun, Jingzhen & Liu, Fenghua, 2020. "Evaluation on combustion and lean-burn limitof a medium compression ratio hydrogen/methanol dual-injection spark-ignition engine under methanol late-injection," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    13. Gong, Changming & Peng, Legao & Liu, Fenghua, 2017. "Modeling of the overall equivalence ratio effects on combustion process and unregulated emissions of an SIDI methanol engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 118-126.
    14. Gong, Changming & Yi, Lin & Wang, Kang & Huang, Kuo & Liu, Fenghua, 2020. "Numerical modeling of plasma-assisted combustion effects on firing and intermediates in the combustion process of methanol–air mixtures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    15. Awad, Omar I. & Mamat, R. & Ali, Obed M. & Sidik, N.A.C. & Yusaf, T. & Kadirgama, K. & Kettner, Maurice, 2018. "Alcohol and ether as alternative fuels in spark ignition engine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2586-2605.
    16. Soni, Dinesh Kumar & Gupta, Rajesh, 2017. "Application of nano emulsion method in a methanol powered diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 638-648.
    17. Gong, Changming & Liu, Zilong & Su, Hang & Chen, Yulin & Li, Junbo & Liu, Fenghua, 2019. "Effect of injection strategy on cold start firing, combustion and emissions of a LPG/methanol dual-fuel spark-ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 126-133.
    18. Gong, Changming & Sun, Jingzhen & Liu, Fenghua, 2021. "Numerical research on combustion and emissions behaviors of a medium compression ratio direct-injection twin-spark plug synchronous ignition methanol engine under steady-state lean-burn conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PB).
    19. Agarwal, Avinash Kumar & Shukla, Pravesh Chandra & Gupta, Jai Gopal & Patel, Chetankumar & Prasad, Rajesh Kumar & Sharma, Nikhil, 2015. "Unregulated emissions from a gasohol (E5, E15, M5, and M15) fuelled spark ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 732-741.
    20. Yesilyurt, Murat Kadir & Eryilmaz, Tanzer & Arslan, Mevlüt, 2018. "A comparative analysis of the engine performance, exhaust emissions and combustion behaviors of a compression ignition engine fuelled with biodiesel/diesel/1-butanol (C4 alcohol) and biodiesel/diesel/," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 1332-1351.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:177:y:2016:i:c:p:187-195. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.