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Comparing pelletization and torrefaction depots: Optimization of depot capacity and biomass moisture to determine the minimum production cost

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  • Chai, Li
  • Saffron, Christopher M.

Abstract

In the present study, the biomass upgrading depot capacity and biomass feedstock moisture were optimized to obtain the minimum production cost at the depot gate for the production of woody biofuels. Three technology scenarios are considered in this study: (1) conventional pellets (CP), (2) modestly torrefied pellets (TP1) and (3) severely torrefied pellets (TP2). TP1 has the lowest cost of $7.03/GJLHV at a moisture of 33wt.% and a depot size of 84MWLHV. The effects of climatic conditions and biomass field conditions were also studied for three scenarios. In humid regions of Michigan, TP2 is more economical than other scenarios because of the increased production of combustible gas. The three scenarios have similar sensitivities to biomass field conditions.

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  • Chai, Li & Saffron, Christopher M., 2016. "Comparing pelletization and torrefaction depots: Optimization of depot capacity and biomass moisture to determine the minimum production cost," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 387-395.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:163:y:2016:i:c:p:387-395
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.11.018
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    5. Singlitico, Alessandro & Kilgallon, Ian & Goggins, Jamie & Monaghan, Rory F.D., 2019. "GIS-based techno-economic optimisation of a regional supply chain for large-scale deployment of bio-SNG in a natural gas network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 1036-1052.
    6. Manouchehrinejad, Maryam & Bilek, E.M. Ted & Mani, Sudhagar, 2021. "Techno-economic analysis of integrated torrefaction and pelletization systems to produce torrefied wood pellets," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 483-493.
    7. Wang, L. & Barta-Rajnai, E. & Skreiberg, Ø. & Khalil, R. & Czégény, Z. & Jakab, E. & Barta, Z. & Grønli, M., 2018. "Effect of torrefaction on physiochemical characteristics and grindability of stem wood, stump and bark," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C), pages 137-148.
    8. Parkhurst, Kristen M. & Saffron, Christopher M. & Miller, Raymond O., 2016. "An energy analysis comparing biomass torrefaction in depots to wind with natural gas combustion for electricity generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 171-181.
    9. Zhang, Congyu & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Zhang, Ying & Ho, Shih-Hsin, 2023. "Influence of microorganisms on the variation of raw and oxidatively torrefied microalgal biomass properties," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    10. Zimmer, Tobias & Rudi, Andreas & Müller, Ann-Kathrin & Fröhling, Magnus & Schultmann, Frank, 2017. "Modeling the impact of competing utilization paths on biomass-to-liquid (BtL) supply chains," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 954-971.
    11. Gangil, Sandip & Bhargav, Vinod Kumar, 2018. "Influence of torrefaction on intrinsic bioconstituents of cotton stalk: TG-insights," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 1066-1073.
    12. De Laporte, Aaron V. & Weersink, Alfons J. & McKenney, Daniel W., 2016. "Effects of supply chain structure and biomass prices on bioenergy feedstock supply," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1053-1064.
    13. Grigiante, M. & Brighenti, M. & Antolini, D., 2016. "A generalized activation energy equation for torrefaction of hardwood biomasses based on isoconversional methods," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 1318-1326.
    14. Izydorczyk, Grzegorz & Skrzypczak, Dawid & Kocek, Daria & Mironiuk, Małgorzata & Witek-Krowiak, Anna & Moustakas, Konstantinos & Chojnacka, Katarzyna, 2020. "Valorization of bio-based post-extraction residues of goldenrod and alfalfa as energy pellets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    15. Geissler, Caleb H. & Maravelias, Christos T., 2021. "Economic, energetic, and environmental analysis of lignocellulosic biorefineries with carbon capture," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    16. Ng, Rex T.L. & Maravelias, Christos T., 2017. "Economic and energetic analysis of biofuel supply chains," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1571-1582.
    17. García, R. & González-Vázquez, M.P. & Martín, A.J. & Pevida, C. & Rubiera, F., 2020. "Pelletization of torrefied biomass with solid and liquid bio-additives," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 175-183.
    18. Baharam Roy & Peter Kleine-Möllhoff & Antoine Dalibard, 2022. "Superheated Steam Torrefaction of Biomass Residues with Valorisation of Platform Chemicals Part—2: Economic Assessment and Commercialisation Opportunities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.

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