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Synthetic indicator on the severity of torrefaction of oil palm biomass residues through mass loss measurement

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  • Sabil, Khalik M.
  • Aziz, Muafah A.
  • Lal, Bhajan
  • Uemura, Yoshimitsu

Abstract

In this work, the change of properties of empty fruit bunches (EFB), mesocarp fiber (PMF) and kernel shell (PKS) of oil palm when subjected to torrefaction process is reported. The properties include CHNS content, gross calorific value (GCV), mass and energy yields. These oil palm residues are torrefied at 200, 220 and 240, 260, 280 and 300°C, respectively for duration of 2h. In general, it has been found that the GCV and carbon content increase with the increase of torrefaction temperature but the O/C ratio, H and O content decrease for all residues. Also, we have shown that there are linear relationships between the mass loss with GCV and C content suggesting that it can be used as an indicator to monitor the severity of torrefaction process on these oil palm residues.

Suggested Citation

  • Sabil, Khalik M. & Aziz, Muafah A. & Lal, Bhajan & Uemura, Yoshimitsu, 2013. "Synthetic indicator on the severity of torrefaction of oil palm biomass residues through mass loss measurement," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 821-826.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:111:y:2013:i:c:p:821-826
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.05.067
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    3. Kongto, Pumin & Palamanit, Arkom & Chaiprapat, Sumate & Tippayawong, Nakorn & Khempila, Jarunee & Lam, Su Shiung & Hayat, Asif & Yuh Yek, Peter Nai, 2023. "Physicochemical changes and energy properties of torrefied rubberwood biomass produced by different scale moving bed reactors," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(P2).
    4. Garcia-Nunez, Jesus Alberto & Ramirez-Contreras, Nidia Elizabeth & Rodriguez, Deisy Tatiana & Silva-Lora, Electo & Frear, Craig Stuart & Stockle, Claudio & Garcia-Perez, Manuel, 2016. "Evolution of palm oil mills into bio-refineries: Literature review on current and potential uses of residual biomass and effluents," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 99-114.
    5. Parkhurst, Kristen M. & Saffron, Christopher M. & Miller, Raymond O., 2016. "An energy analysis comparing biomass torrefaction in depots to wind with natural gas combustion for electricity generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 171-181.
    6. Junga, Robert & Pospolita, Janusz & Niemiec, Patrycja, 2020. "Combustion and grindability characteristics of palm kernel shells torrefied in a pilot-scale installation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1239-1250.
    7. Rodriguez Alonso, Elvira & Dupont, Capucine & Heux, Laurent & Da Silva Perez, Denilson & Commandre, Jean-Michel & Gourdon, Christophe, 2016. "Study of solid chemical evolution in torrefaction of different biomasses through solid-state 13C cross-polarization/magic angle spinning NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and TGA (thermogravimetric ana," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 381-390.
    8. Devaraja, Udya Madhavi Aravindi & Senadheera, Sachini Supunsala & Gunarathne, Duleeka Sandamali, 2022. "Torrefaction severity and performance of Rubberwood and Gliricidia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 1341-1353.
    9. Barskov, Stan & Zappi, Mark & Buchireddy, Prashanth & Dufreche, Stephen & Guillory, John & Gang, Daniel & Hernandez, Rafael & Bajpai, Rakesh & Baudier, Jeff & Cooper, Robbyn & Sharp, Richard, 2019. "Torrefaction of biomass: A review of production methods for biocoal from cultured and waste lignocellulosic feedstocks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 624-642.
    10. Foo, K.Y., 2015. "A vision on the opportunities, policies and coping strategies for the energy security and green energy development in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1477-1498.
    11. Abdulyekeen, Kabir Abogunde & Umar, Ahmad Abulfathi & Patah, Muhamad Fazly Abdul & Daud, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan, 2021. "Torrefaction of biomass: Production of enhanced solid biofuel from municipal solid waste and other types of biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    12. Li, Shu-Xian & Zou, Jin-Ying & Li, Ming-Fei & Wu, Xiao-Fei & Bian, Jing & Xue, Zhi-Min, 2017. "Structural and thermal properties of Populus tomentosa during carbon dioxide torrefaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 321-329.
    13. Akbari, Maryam & Oyedun, Adetoyese Olajire & Kumar, Amit, 2020. "Techno-economic assessment of wet and dry torrefaction of biomass feedstock," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    14. Sukiran, Mohamad Azri & Wan Daud, Wan Mohd Ashri & Abnisa, Faisal & Nasrin, Abu Bakar & Abdul Aziz, Astimar & Loh, Soh Kheang, 2021. "A comprehensive study on torrefaction of empty fruit bunches: Characterization of solid, liquid and gas products," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).

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