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Why Are Black-Owned Businesses Less Successful than White-Owned Businesses? The Role of Families, Inheritances, and Business Human Capital

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  1. Kristen Lewis: Inequality: Shifting the Spotlight From Wall Street to Your Street
    by Kristen Lewis in Huffington Post Business on 2013-07-09 20:47:35

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Peter Younkin & Venkat Kuppuswamy, 2018. "The Colorblind Crowd? Founder Race and Performance in Crowdfunding," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 64(7), pages 3269-3287, July.
  2. Pernilla Andersson Joona, 2018. "How does motherhood affect self-employment performance?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(1), pages 29-54, January.
  3. Craig Wesley Carpenter & Scott Loveridge, 2018. "Differences Between Latino-Owned Businesses and White-, Black-, or Asian-Owned Businesses: Evidence From Census Microdata," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 32(3), pages 225-241, August.
  4. Aaron K. Chatterji & Kenneth Y. Chay & Robert W. Fairlie, 2014. "The Impact of City Contracting Set-Asides on Black Self-Employment and Employment," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 32(3), pages 507-561.
  5. Alex Coad & Julian Frankish & Paul Nightingale & Richard Roberts, 2014. "Business experience and start-up size: Buying more lottery tickets next time around?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 43(3), pages 529-547, October.
  6. Marco Caliendo & Frank M. Fossen & Alexander Kritikos & Miriam Wetter, 2015. "The Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship: Not just a Matter of Personality," CESifo Economic Studies, CESifo Group, vol. 61(1), pages 202-238.
  7. Robert W. Fairlie & Javier Miranda, 2017. "Taking the Leap: The Determinants of Entrepreneurs Hiring Their First Employee," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 3-34, February.
  8. Oliver Falck & Ludger Woessmann, 2013. "School competition and students’ entrepreneurial intentions: international evidence using historical Catholic roots of private schooling," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 40(2), pages 459-478, February.
  9. Vladasel, Theodor & Lindquist, Matthew J. & Sol, Joeri & van Praag, Mirjam, 2021. "On the origins of entrepreneurship: Evidence from sibling correlations," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(5).
  10. Qingfang Wang, 2009. "Gender, Ethnicity, and Self-Employment: A Multilevel Analysis across US Metropolitan Areas," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 41(8), pages 1979-1996, August.
  11. Grant H. Lewis, 2017. "Effects of federal socioeconomic contracting preferences," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 49(4), pages 763-783, December.
  12. Marcén, Miriam, 2014. "The role of culture on self-employment," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 44(S1), pages 20-32.
  13. Tan, Eugene & Zeida, Teegawende H., 2024. "Consumer demand and credit supply as barriers to growth for Black-owned startups," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
  14. Ross Levine & Yona Rubinstein, 2018. "Selection into Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment," NBER Working Papers 25350, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  15. Asad, Sher Afghan & Banerjee, Ritwik & Bhattacharya, Joydeep, 2020. "Do workers discriminate against their out-group employers? Evidence from the gig economy," ISU General Staff Papers 202002230800001098, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
  16. Robert Fairlie & Alicia Robb & David T. Robinson, 2022. "Black and White: Access to Capital Among Minority-Owned Start-ups," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(4), pages 2377-2400, April.
  17. Bates, Timothy & Robb, Alicia, 2008. "Analysis of young neighborhood firms serving urban minority clients," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 60(1-2), pages 139-148.
  18. Ashwini Deshpande & Smriti Sharma, 2016. "Disadvantage and discrimination in self-employment: caste gaps in earnings in Indian small businesses," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 46(2), pages 325-346, February.
  19. Robert W. Fairlie, 2013. "Entrepreneurship, Economic Conditions, and the Great Recession," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(2), pages 207-231, June.
  20. José María Millán & Emilio Congregado & Concepción Román, 2010. "Determinants of Self-Employment Dynamics and their Implications on Entrepreneurial Policy Effectiveness," Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, Departamento de Economía, issue 72, pages 45-76.
  21. Fernanda Llussa, 2011. "Determinants of entrepreneurship: are women different?," Nova SBE Working Paper Series wp555, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Nova School of Business and Economics.
  22. Kate H. Choi & Arabella Soave, 2024. "Housing Attainment of Interracial Couples in the United States," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 43(4), pages 1-25, August.
  23. Baylee Smith & Angelino Viceisza, 2018. "Bite me! ABC’s Shark Tank as a path to entrepreneurship," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(3), pages 463-479, March.
  24. Morris, Michael H. & Santos, Susana C. & Neumeyer, Xaver, 2020. "Entrepreneurship as a solution to poverty in developed economies," Business Horizons, Elsevier, vol. 63(3), pages 377-390.
  25. Taehyun Ahn, 2011. "Racial differences in self-employment exits," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 36(2), pages 169-186, February.
  26. J. David Brown & John S. Earle & Mee Jung Kim & Kyung Min Lee & Jared Wold, 2022. "Black-Owned Firms, Financial Constraints, and the Firm Size Gap," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 112, pages 282-286, May.
  27. Fairlie, Robert W., 2023. "The Impacts of COVID-19 on Racial Inequality in Business Earnings," IZA Discussion Papers 16412, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  28. Cooper, David J. & Saral, Krista Jabs, 2013. "Entrepreneurship and team participation: An experimental study," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 126-140.
  29. Christopher J. Boudreaux, 2020. "Ethnic diversity and small business venturing," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 54(1), pages 25-41, January.
  30. Ruth Oyelere & Willie Belton, 2013. "Black–White gap in self-employment. Does intra-race heterogeneity exist?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 41(1), pages 25-39, June.
  31. Erik Monsen & Prashanth Mahagaonkar & Christian Dienes, 2012. "Entrepreneurship in India: the question of occupational transition," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 39(2), pages 359-382, September.
  32. Frank M. Fossen, 2012. "Gender differences in entrepreneurial choice and risk aversion -- a decomposition based on a microeconometric model," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(14), pages 1795-1812, May.
  33. Srikant Devaraj & Pankaj C Patel, 2017. "Health insurance and employee productivity: Findings from the 2007 Survey of Business Owners," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 37(2), pages 1351-1364.
  34. Mats Hammarstedt & Chizheng Miao, 2020. "Self-employed immigrants and their employees: evidence from Swedish employer-employee data," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 35-68, March.
  35. W. Allen & William Curington, 2014. "The Self-Employment of Men and Women: What are their Motivations?," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 35(2), pages 143-161, June.
  36. Nicholas Apergis, 2020. "Financial market imperfections and profitability: New evidence from a large panel of US SME firms," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(2), pages 220-241, March.
  37. Greenwald, Daniel L. & Howell, Sabrina T. & Li, Cangyuan & Yimfor, Emmanuel, 2024. "Regulatory arbitrage or random errors? Implications of race prediction algorithms in fair lending analysis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
  38. Timothy Bates & Alicia Robb, 2008. "Crime's Impact on the Survival Prospects of Young Urban Small Businesses," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 22(3), pages 228-238, August.
  39. Vincent E. Mangum, 2020. "What Does Political Economy Tell Us About the Dearth of Black Entrepreneurs?," The American Economist, Sage Publications, vol. 65(1), pages 131-143, March.
  40. J. David Brown & John S. Earle & Mee Jung Kim & Kyung Min Lee, 2017. "High-Growth Entrepreneurship," Working Papers 17-53, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
  41. Richard Fabling, 2018. "Entrepreneurial beginnings: Transitions to self-employment and the creation of jobs," Working Papers 18_12, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research.
  42. Kaiser, Ulrich & Kuhn, Johan Moritz, 2019. "Who Founds? An Analysis of University and Corporate Startup Entrepreneurs Based on Danish Register Data," IZA Discussion Papers 12191, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  43. Magnus Lofstrom & Timothy Bates, 2013. "African Americans’ pursuit of self-employment," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 40(1), pages 73-86, January.
  44. Francine Lafontaine & Kathryn Shaw, 2016. "Serial Entrepreneurship: Learning by Doing?," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 34(S2), pages 217-254.
  45. Cooper, David J. & Rege, Mari, 2011. "Misery loves company: Social regret and social interaction effects in choices under risk and uncertainty," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 73(1), pages 91-110, September.
  46. Robert W. Fairlie & Alicia Robb, 2007. "Families, Human Capital, and Small Business: Evidence from the Characteristics of Business Owners Survey," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 60(2), pages 225-245, January.
  47. Catherine E. Fazio & Jorge Guzman & Yupeng Liu & Scott Stern, 2021. "How is COVID Changing the Geography of Entrepreneurship? Evidence from the Startup Cartography Project," NBER Working Papers 28787, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  48. Jeffrey Campbell & Mariacristina De Nardi, 2009. "A conversation with 590 Nascent Entrepreneurs," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 5(3), pages 313-340, June.
  49. Rosanna Garcia & Daniel W. Baack, 2023. "The Invisible Racialized Minority Entrepreneur: Using White Solipsism to Explain the White Space," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 188(3), pages 397-418, December.
  50. Morgan, Horatio M., 2013. "Equity-based Financial Slack and New Venture Performance: Evidence from matched single-founder ventures," MPRA Paper 50325, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  51. Ron Jarmin & CJ Krizan & Adela Luque, 2016. "Small Business Growth and Failure during the Great Recession: The Role of House Prices, Race & Gender," CARRA Working Papers 2016-08, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
  52. Uwaifo Oyelere, Ruth & Belton, Willie, 2008. "The Role of Information and Institutions in Understanding the Black-White Gap in Self-Employment," IZA Discussion Papers 3761, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  53. Matthew J. Lindquist & Theodor Vladasel, 2022. "Are Entrepreneurs More Upwardly Mobile?," Working Papers 1351, Barcelona School of Economics.
  54. Furdas, Marina & Kohn, Karsten, 2010. "What's the Difference?! Gender, Personality, and the Propensity to Start a Business," IZA Discussion Papers 4778, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  55. Inhwa Kim, 2024. "Dreaming for unveiling housing inequality: mortgage lending disparities within the heartland of America," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 4(10), pages 1-54, October.
  56. Jennifer M. Sequeira & Sherrhonda R. Gibbs & Norma A. Juma, 2016. "Factors Contributing To Women’S Venture Success In Developing Countries: An Exploratory Analysis," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 21(01), pages 1-31, March.
  57. Faraz Vahid Shahidi & Carles Muntaner & Ketan Shankardass & Carlos Quiñonez & Arjumand Siddiqi, 2018. "Widening health inequalities between the employed and the unemployed: A decomposition of trends in Canada (2000-2014)," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(11), pages 1-22, November.
  58. Broussard, Nzinga H., 2019. "What explains gender differences in food insecurity?," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 180-194.
  59. Kholekile L. Gwebu & Jeffrey Sohl & Jing Wang, 2019. "Differential performance of science park firms: an integrative model," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 52(1), pages 193-211, January.
  60. Oladipo, Oluwasheyi S. & Shim, Hyoung Suk, 2022. "Microentrepreneurs' Gender Difference in Labor Demand," IZA Discussion Papers 15690, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  61. Kip Kiefer & Mark Heileman & Timothy L. Pett, 2022. "Does gender still matter? An examination of small business performance," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(1), pages 141-167, January.
  62. Lina Andersson & Mats Hammarstedt, 2010. "Intergenerational transmissions in immigrant self-employment: Evidence from three generations," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 34(3), pages 261-276, April.
  63. Bento, Pedro & Hwang, Sunju, 2023. "Barriers to black entrepreneurship: Implications for welfare and aggregate output over time," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 16-34.
  64. Risa Hagiwara & Yang Liu, 2023. "Disparity in high school enrollment between native and immigrant children in Japan," Asian Economic Journal, East Asian Economic Association, vol. 37(1), pages 25-50, March.
  65. Michaelides, Marios, 2010. "Race and self-employment: The role of training programs, self-employment background, and access to financing," MPRA Paper 20884, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  66. Uwaifo Oyelere, Ruth & Belton, Willie, 2009. "Coming to America: Does Immigrant's Home Country Economic Status Impact the Probability of Self-Employment in the U.S.?," IZA Discussion Papers 4178, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  67. Elder, Todd E. & Goddeeris, John H. & Haider, Steven J., 2010. "Unexplained gaps and Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 284-290, January.
  68. Shinnar, Rachel S. & Cho, Seonghee & Rogoff, Edward G., 2013. "Outcomes of family involvement in minority owned family businesses," Journal of Family Business Strategy, Elsevier, vol. 4(1), pages 22-33.
  69. Kathryn Shaw & Anders Sørensen, 2019. "The Productivity Advantage of Serial Entrepreneurs," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 72(5), pages 1225-1261, October.
  70. Audretsch, David B. & Bönte, Werner & Tamvada, Jagannadha Pawan, 2013. "Religion, social class, and entrepreneurial choice," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 28(6), pages 774-789.
  71. Timothy Bates & Magnus Lofstrom & Lisa J. Servon, 2011. "Why Have Lending Programs Targeting Disadvantaged Small Business Borrowers Achieved So Little Success in the United States?," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 25(3), pages 255-266, August.
  72. Christopher J. Boudreaux, 2020. "The Importance of Industry to Strategic Entrepreneurship: Evidence from the Kauffman Firm Survey," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 93-114, March.
  73. Robert W. Fairlie & Harry Krashinsky & Julie Zissimopoulos & Krishna B. Kumar, 2012. "Indian Entrepreneurial Success in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom," Research in Labor Economics, in: Research in Labor Economics, pages 285-318, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  74. Rybczynski, Kate, 2009. "Are Liquidity Constraints Holding Women Back? An Analysis of Gender in Self-Employment Earnings," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 6(1), pages 141-165.
  75. Aldén, Lina & Bastani, Spencer & Hammarstedt, Mats & Miao, Chizheng, 2020. "Ethnic Differences in Long-Term Self-Employment," Working Paper Series 1361, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
  76. Jorge Valero‐Gil & Magali Valero, 2022. "Why has there been a fall in child labour and an increase in school attendance in Mexico?," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 40(6), November.
  77. J David Brown & John S Earle & Mee Jung Kim & Kyung Min Lee, 2019. "Start-ups, job creation, and founder characteristics," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 28(6), pages 1637-1672.
  78. Iryna Demko & Ana Claudia Sant’Anna, 2023. "Impact of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender on the SBA Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) Loan Amounts," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 37(3), pages 211-229, August.
  79. Mboutchouang, Vincent De Paul & Kenneck, Joseph Massil & Mbenga Bindop, Kunz Modeste, 2013. "Transmission Intergénérationelle de l’Entrepreneuriat et Performance des Unités de Production Informelles au Cameroun," MPRA Paper 50133, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Aug 2013.
  80. Lina Aldén & Spencer Bastani & Mats Hammarstedt, 2021. "Ethnic Background and the Value of Self‐Employment Experience: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 83(6), pages 1287-1310, December.
  81. Lina Aldén & Mats Hammarstedt, 2016. "Discrimination in the Credit Market? Access to Financial Capital among Self-employed Immigrants," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 69(1), pages 3-31, February.
  82. Jennifer F. Helgeson & Juan F. Fung & Alfredo R. Roa-Henriquez, 2020. "Rationally bounded in a storm of complex events: Small businesses facing natural hazard resilience during a pandemic," Journal of Behavioral Economics for Policy, Society for the Advancement of Behavioral Economics (SABE), vol. 4(S3), pages 55-65, December.
  83. Marco Caliendo & Jens Hogenacker & Steffen Künn & Frank Wießner, 2015. "Subsidized start-ups out of unemployment: a comparison to regular business start-ups," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 45(1), pages 165-190, June.
  84. Mee Jung Kim & Kyung Min Lee & J. David Brown & John S. Earle, 2021. "Black Entrepreneurs, Job Creation, and Financial Constraints," Working Papers 21-11, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
  85. Uwaifo Oyelere, Ruth & Belton, Willie, 2010. "Black-White Gap in Self-Employment in the U.S.: Do Cohort and Within Race Differences Exist?," IZA Discussion Papers 5071, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  86. Coad, Alex & Kaiser, Ulrich & Kuhn, Johan, 2021. "Spin doctors vs the spawn of capitalism: Who founds university and corporate startups?," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(10).
  87. Fairlie Robert & Woodruff Christopher M., 2010. "Mexican-American Entrepreneurship," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 10(1), pages 1-44, February.
  88. Girma Gezimu Gebre & Hiroshi Isoda & Yuichiro Amekawa & Dil Bahadur Rahut & Hisako Nomura & Takaaki Watanabe, 2021. "What Explains Gender Gaps in Household Food Security? Evidence from Maize Farm Households in Southern Ethiopia," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 155(1), pages 281-314, May.
  89. Robert Fairlie & Robert W. Fairlie, 2023. "The Impacts of Covid-19 on Racial Inequality in Business Earnings," CESifo Working Paper Series 10634, CESifo.
  90. Raffaele Conti & Olenka Kacperczyk & Giovanni Valentini, 2022. "Institutional protection of minority employees and entrepreneurship: Evidence from the LGBT Employment Non‐Discrimination Acts," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(4), pages 758-791, April.
  91. Mohieddine Rahmouni, 2013. "Innovativeness of Exporting firms in a Developing Country: The Case of Tunisia," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 33(2), pages 914-930.
  92. Silvia Ardagna & Annamaria Lusardi, 2009. "Where does regulation hurt? Evidence from new businesses across countries," NBER Working Papers 14747, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  93. Morgan, Horatio M., 2013. "Equity-based Financial Slack and New Venture Performance: Evidence from matched single-founder ventures," MPRA Paper 50291, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  94. Mohieddine Rahmouni & Murat Yildizoglu & Mohamed Ayadi, 2011. "Export Behaviour and Propensity to Innovate in a Developing Country: The Case of Tunisia," Working Papers halshs-00608239, HAL.
  95. Michaelides, Marios & Benus, Jacob, 2012. "Are self-employment training programs effective? Evidence from Project GATE," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(5), pages 695-705.
  96. Christel Gilles & Alain Trannoy & Antoine Baéna & Léa Flamand & Manal Tannani, 2022. "Quelles performances des entreprises créées par les séniors ?," Working Papers hal-04001005, HAL.
  97. Tanika Chakraborty & Anirban Mukherjee & Sarani Saha, 2015. "Court-ship, kinship and business: a study on the interaction between the formal and the informal institutions and its effect on entrepreneurship," IZA Journal of Labor & Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 4(1), pages 1-21, December.
  98. Craig Wesley Carpenter, 2016. "The Dynamics Of Latino-Owned Business With Comparisions To Other Ethnicities," Working Papers 16-33, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
  99. Catherine Buffington & Daniel Chapman & Emin Dinlersoz & Lucia Foster & James Hunt & Shawn Klimek, 2021. "Small Business Pulse Survey Estimates by Owner Characteristics and Rural/Urban Designation," Working Papers 21-24, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
  100. Hammarstedt, Mats & Skedinger, Per, 2024. "Immigrant Self-employment in Turbulent Times: A Decade with Refugee Crisis and the COVID-19 Pandemic," Working Paper Series 1497, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
  101. Candida Brush & Daniel Monti & Andrea Ryan & Amy M. Gannon, 2007. "Building Ventures through Civic Capitalism," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 613(1), pages 155-177, September.
  102. Bethany Smith & Charles M. Tolbert, 2018. "Financial Motivations And Small Business Longevity: The Effects Of Gender And Race," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 23(04), pages 1-20, December.
  103. Catherine Laffineur & Maria Minniti & Benjamin Montmartin, 2023. "Does Knowledge in Management Foster Firm Creation and Performance?," GREDEG Working Papers 2023-19, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France.
  104. Aldén, Lina & Hammarstedt, Mats & Miao, Chizheng, 2020. "Financial Capital and Immigrant Self-Employment: Evidence from a Swedish Reform," Working Paper Series 1359, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
  105. Elizabeth Lyons & Laurina Zhang, 2017. "The Impact of Entrepreneurship Programs on Minorities," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 107(5), pages 303-307, May.
  106. Ewens, Michael, 2022. "Race and Gender in Entrepreneurial Finance," SocArXiv djf8z, Center for Open Science.
  107. Marc Cowling & Weixi Liu & Maria Minniti & Ning Zhang, 2016. "UK credit and discouragement during the GFC," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 47(4), pages 1049-1074, December.
  108. Craig Wesley Carpenter & F. Carson Mencken & Charles M. Tolbert & Michael Lotspeich, 2018. "Locally Owned Bank Commuting Zone Concentration and Employer Start-Ups in Metropolitan, Micropolitan and Non-Core Rural Commuting Zones from 1970-2010," Working Papers 18-34, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
  109. Christopher J. Boudreaux, 2021. "Employee compensation and new venture performance: does benefit type matter?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(3), pages 1453-1477, October.
  110. José Millán & Emilio Congregado & Concepción Román, 2012. "Determinants of self-employment survival in Europe," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 38(2), pages 231-258, February.
  111. Howell, Travis, 2022. "Coworking spaces: An overview and research agenda," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(2).
  112. Robert W. Fairlie, 2022. "The Impacts of COVID-19 on Racial Inequality in Business Earnings," NBER Working Papers 30532, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  113. B. Garbinti, 2014. "Do Gifts and Bequests Facilitate Homeownership and Firm Creation?," Documents de Travail de l'Insee - INSEE Working Papers g2014-02, Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques.
  114. Douglas Cumming & Michele Meoli & Silvio Vismara, 2021. "Does equity crowdfunding democratize entrepreneurial finance?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 533-552, February.
  115. Lina Andersson & Mats Hammarstedt, 2011. "Transmission of self-employment across immigrant generations: the importance of ethnic background and gender," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 9(4), pages 555-577, December.
  116. Silvia Ardagna & Annamaria Lusardi, 2010. "Explaining International Differences in Entrepreneurship: The Role of Individual Characteristics and Regulatory Constraints," NBER Chapters, in: International Differences in Entrepreneurship, pages 17-62, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  117. Matthew C. Sonfield, 2016. "America’S Largest Black-Owned Companies: A 40-Year Longitudinal Analysis," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 21(01), pages 1-19, March.
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  119. Elert, Niklas & Lundin, Erik, 2020. "Gender and Climate Action," Working Paper Series 1332, Research Institute of Industrial Economics, revised 18 Feb 2022.
  120. Justin Marion, 2009. "Firm racial segregation and affirmative action in the highway construction industry," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 441-453, December.
  121. McDaniel, Michael & Sutter, Chris & Webb, Justin W. & Elgar, Frank J. & Parker, Karen F. & Nwachu, Jay, 2021. "Breaking the cycle of crime: Promoting the positive social spillover potential of entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 16(C).
  122. Saroj Koul & Ivan W. Taylor & Oluwabunmi A. Falebita & Takuma Ono & Rowland Chen & Mia T. Vogel, 2022. "Examining the success of women of color-owned small and medium-sized enterprises in the United States: A system dynamics perspective," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 18(4), pages 1373-1401, December.
  123. John Iceland, 2019. "Racial and Ethnic Inequality in Poverty and Affluence, 1959–2015," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 38(5), pages 615-654, October.
  124. Younkin, Peter & Kuppuswamy, Venkat, 2019. "Discounted: The effect of founder race on the price of new products," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 34(2), pages 389-412.
  125. Robert W. Fairlie & Alicia M. Robb, 2008. "Race and Entrepreneurial Success: Black-, Asian-, and White-Owned Businesses in the United States," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 026206281x, April.
  126. Blanchflower, David G. & Shadforth, Chris, 2007. "Entrepreneurship in the UK," Foundations and Trends(R) in Entrepreneurship, now publishers, vol. 3(4), pages 257-364, July.
  127. Lee, Yong Suk & Eesley, Chuck, 2018. "The persistence of entrepreneurship and innovative immigrants," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(6), pages 1032-1044.
  128. Kate Rybczynski, 2015. "What Drives Self-Employment Survival for Women and Men? Evidence from Canada," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 36(1), pages 27-43, March.
  129. Samar Alzamel, 2024. "Building a Resilient Digital Entrepreneurship Landscape: The Importance of Ecosystems, Decent Work, and Socioeconomic Dynamics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-23, September.
  130. Tommelein, Iris D. PhD & Gazzaniga, Tyler, 2022. "Small and Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (SB/DBE) Issues in Caltrans Contract and Bid Process," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt28q732xz, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.
  131. Grace Kim, 2011. "Minority Small-Firm Credit Applicants: Does Persistence Pay?," Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business and Management, vol. 15(2), pages 91-106, Winter.
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