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Examining spatial disparities in electric vehicle charging station placements using machine learning

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  • Roy, Avipsa
  • Law, Mankin

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EV) are an emerging mode of transportation that has the potential to reshape the transportation sector by significantly reducing carbon emissions thereby promoting a cleaner environment and pushing the boundaries of climate progress. Nevertheless, there remain significant hurdles to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles in the United States ranging from the high cost of EVs to the inequitable placement of EV charging stations (EVCS). A deeper understanding of the underlying complex interactions of social, economic, and demographic factors which may lead to such emerging disparities in EVCS placements is, therefore, necessary to mitigate accessibility issues and improve EV usage among people of all ages and abilities. In this study, we develop a machine learning framework to examine spatial disparities in EVCS placements by using a predictive approach. We first identify the essential socioeconomic factors that may contribute to spatial disparities in EVCS access. Second, using these factors along with ground truth data from existing EVCS placements we predict future ECVS density at multiple spatial scales using machine learning algorithms and compare their predictive accuracy to identify the most optimal spatial resolution for our predictions. Finally, we compare the most accurately predicted EVCS placement density with a spatial inequity indicator to quantify how equitably these placements would be for Orange County, California. Our method achieved the highest predictive accuracy (94.9%) of EVCS placement density at a spatial resolution of 3 km using Random Forests. Our results indicate that a total of 74.18% of predicted EVCS placements in Orange County will lie within a low spatial equity zone – indicating populations with the lowest accessibility may require the highest investments in EVCS placements. Within the low spatial equity areas, 14.86% of the area will have a low density of predicted EVCS placements, 50.32% will have a medium density of predicted EVCS placement, and only 9% tend to have high EVCS placements. The findings from this study highlight a generalizable framework to quantify inequities in EVCS placements that will enable policymakers to identify underserved communities and facilitate targeted infrastructure investments for widespread EV usage and adoption for all.

Suggested Citation

  • Roy, Avipsa & Law, Mankin, 2022. "Examining spatial disparities in electric vehicle charging station placements using machine learning," SocArXiv hvw2t, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:socarx:hvw2t
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/hvw2t
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Peng, Ruoqing & Tang, Justin Hayse Chiwing G. & Yang, Xiong & Meng, Meng & Zhang, Jie & Zhuge, Chengxiang, 2024. "Investigating the factors influencing the electric vehicle market share: A comparative study of the European Union and United States," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 355(C).
    2. Loni, Abdolah & Asadi, Somayeh, 2023. "Data-driven equitable placement for electric vehicle charging stations: Case study San Francisco," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    3. Ahmadian, Amirhossein & Ghodrati, Vahid & Gadh, Rajit, 2023. "Artificial deep neural network enables one-size-fits-all electric vehicle user behavior prediction framework," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 352(C).
    4. Yuchao Cai & Jie Zhang & Quan Gu & Chenlu Wang, 2024. "An Analytical Framework for Assessing Equity of Access to Public Electric Vehicle Charging Stations: The Case of Shanghai," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-38, July.
    5. Spiller, Beia & Wilwerding, Rachel & Russo, Suzanne, 2024. "Equity in Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure," RFF Working Paper Series 24-14, Resources for the Future.
    6. Clark, Callie & Ozturk, Ayse Tugba & Hong, Preston & Gonzalez, Marta C. PhD & Moura, Scott J. PhD, 2022. "EEZ Mobility: A Toolf or Modeling Equitable Installation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations," Institute of Transportation Studies, Research Reports, Working Papers, Proceedings qt3jb779n1, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Berkeley.

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