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Geographical Indications and Property Rights: Protecting Value-Added Agricultural Products

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  • Bruce A. Babcock
  • Roxanne Clemens

Abstract

Since 1992, the European Union has protected high-quality agricultural products based on geographical origin using designations of geographical indications (GIs). U.S. producers and processors can obtain a type of trademark called a certification mark, which provides similar protections to that of GIs but protects products only within the United States. In the current round of the World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations, the European Union and other countries are seeking to expand protection through GIs. If they achieve the full range of protection they are seeking, many U.S. producers and processors could no longer use many product names currently treated as generic (e.g., feta cheese). This article describes and contrasts three systems of protecting property rights for agricultural products (certification mark, E.U.-wide GI, and WTO GI) and discusses some of the benefits and problems of each system and the effects of each system on helping to differentiate and protect high-value U.S. agricultural products.

Suggested Citation

  • Bruce A. Babcock & Roxanne Clemens, 2004. "Geographical Indications and Property Rights: Protecting Value-Added Agricultural Products," Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) Publications 04-mbp7, Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) at Iowa State University.
    • Handle: RePEc:ias:cpaper:04-mbp7
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    Cited by:

    1. Stephan Marette & Roxanne Clemens & Bruce Babcock, 2008. "Recent international and regulatory decisions about geographical indications," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(4), pages 453-472.
    2. Chiara Paffarini & Biancamaria Torquati & Tiziano Tempesta & Sonia Venanzi & Daniel Vecchiato, 2021. "Rural sustainability and food choice: the effect of territorial characteristics on the consumers’ preferences for organic lentils," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 9(1), pages 1-23, December.
    3. Matthew Gorton & Angela Tregear, 2008. "Government Support to Regional Food Producers: An Assessment of England's Regional Food Strategy," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 26(6), pages 1047-1060, December.
    4. Beckman, Jayson & Dyck, John & Heerman, Kari, 2017. "The Global Landscape of Agricultural Trade, 1995-2014," Economic Information Bulletin 265270, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    5. Babcock, Bruce & Hayes, Dermot J. & Lawrence, John & Clemens, Roxanne L., 2008. "Creating a Geographically Linked Collective Brand for High-Quality Beef: A Case Study," ISU General Staff Papers 200801010800001480, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    6. Tobias Chilla & Benedikt Fink & Richard Balling & Simon Reitmeier & Karola Schober, 2020. "The EU Food Label ‘Protected Geographical Indication’: Economic Implications and Their Spatial Dimension," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-21, July.
    7. Bruce A. Babcock & Dermot J. Hayes & John D. Lawrence & Roxanne Clemens, 2007. "Creating a Geographically Linked Brand for High-Quality Beef: A Case Study," Midwest Agribusiness Trade Research and Information Center (MATRIC) Publications (archive only) 07-mbp13, Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) at Iowa State University.
    8. House, Lisa & Patel, Payal & Thomas, Spreen, 2009. "How do Different Countries use PDO/GI Standards: A Case Study Comparing Wisconsin Cheddar to Parmesan-Reggiano," 2009 International European Forum, February 15-20, 2009, Innsbruck-Igls, Austria 59176, International European Forum on System Dynamics and Innovation in Food Networks.
    9. Patel, Payal & House, Lisa & Spreen, Thomas H., 2011. "How Do Different Countries Use Labeling Standards: A Case Study Comparing Wisconsin Real Cheese to Parmigiano-Reggiano," 2011 International European Forum, February 14-18, 2011, Innsbruck-Igls, Austria 122015, International European Forum on System Dynamics and Innovation in Food Networks.
    10. Marette, Stephan, 2009. "Can Foreign Producers Benefit from Geographical Indications under the New European Regulation?," Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, vol. 10(1), pages 1-12.
    11. Patterson, Paul M. & Martinez, Samuel Cardona, 2004. "State and Origin Branding in Hispanic Food Markets," Journal of Food Distribution Research, Food Distribution Research Society, vol. 35(3), pages 1-12, November.
    12. Schmidt, Carla Maria & Saes, Maria Sylvia Macchione & Fowler de Ávila Monteiro, Guilherme, 2014. "Value Creation And Value Appropriation In Networks: An Empirical Analysis Of The Role Of Geographical Indication In The Wine Industry In Vale Dos Vinhedos, Rs, Brazil," Organizações Rurais e Agroindustriais/Rural and Agro-Industrial Organizations, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Administracao e Economia, vol. 16(3), December.
    13. Martijn Huysmans, 2022. "On Feta and Fetta: Protecting EU geographical indications in Australia," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 73(2), pages 598-613, June.
    14. Dentoni, Domenico & Menozzi, Davide & Capelli, Maria Giacinta, 2012. "Group heterogeneity and cooperation on the geographical indication regulation: The case of the “Prosciutto di Parma” Consortium," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 207-216.
    15. Egelyng, Henrik & Bosselmann, Aske S. & Warui, Mary & Maina, Fredah & Mburu, John & Gyau, Amos, 2017. "Origin products from African forests: A Kenyan pathway to prosperity and green inclusive growth?," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 38-46.
    16. Daniele Curzi & Martijn Huysmans, 2022. "The Impact of Protecting EU Geographical Indications in Trade Agreements," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 104(1), pages 364-384, January.
    17. Grote, Ulrike, 2009. "Environmental Labeling, Protected Geographical Indications and the Interests of Developing Countries," Estey Centre Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, vol. 10(1), pages 1-17.

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