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Bedeutung finanzieller Grundkompetenzen aus regionaler Perspektive. Gefördert durch die Dr. Josef und Brigitte Pauli-Stiftung

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  • Neumann, Uwe
  • Schaffner, Sandra
  • Eilers, Lea

Abstract

Die Untersuchung geht den räumlichen Unterschieden im Aufkommen von Kreditausfallrisiken der Privathaushalte in deutschen Ballungsräumen nach. Zahlungsschwierigkeiten sind eine gravierende Auswirkung persönlicher Fehlentscheidungen und können auf mangelnde finanzielle Grundkompetenzen zurückzuführen sein. Die Kernfragen sind, ob durch räumliche Häufungen von Haushalten mit Zahlungsschwierigkeiten unerwünschte Nachbarschaftseffekte auftreten, die den dort lebenden Personen den Zugang zu wichtigen Finanzkompetenzen zusätzlich erschweren und ob das Ruhrgebiet in dieser Hinsicht besondere Probleme aufweist. Datengrundlage sind sozioökonomische Daten auf der Ebene von 1 km²-Rastern (RWI-GEO-GRID) sowie Mikrodaten des Internetportals ImmobilienScout24 (RWI-GEO-RED) für sechs deutsche Ballungsräume (Ruhrgebiet, Rheinland NRW, Rhein/Main, Berlin/Brandenburg, Hamburg und München). Außerdem werden Daten zu Übergängen zwischen Grundschule und Gymnasium als auch die kleinräumige Bevölkerungsfortschreibung (RWI-GEO-GRID-POP-Forecast) herangezogen. Im Kern des Ruhrgebiets hat sich der Untersuchung zu Folge eine Zone von Nachbarschaften mit hoher Kreditausfallwahrscheinlichkeit gebildet, die die inneren Bereiche aller Städte von Duisburg im Westen bis Dortmund im Osten umfasst. Auch in den Siedlungskernen der anderen Ballungsräume sind Häufungen von Zahlungsschwierigkeiten erkennbar. Die Bildung einer großen, stadtübergreifenden Teilregion mit hohem Ausfallrisiko ist im Vergleich zu den anderen Regionen eine Besonderheit des Ruhrgebiets. Regressionsmodelle unter Einbeziehung aller Ballungsräume und Erhebungsjahre (2005 und 2009-2016) zeigen auf, dass lokale Häufungen des Kreditausfallrisikos in erster Linie innerstädtische Nachbarschaften mit hoher Bevölkerungsdichte, hohem Anteil von Personen im Erwerbsalter und hohem Ausländeranteil betreffen. Neu ist ein Anstieg der Ausfallrisiken in Stadtgebieten, in denen gleichzeitig die Zahl der Kinder zunimmt. Dies könnte in den betreffenden Nachbarschaften die Chancen zum Erwerb finanzieller Grundkompetenzen verschlechtern und zeigt, dass sich die lokalen Kontextfaktoren zur Erlangung dieser Kompetenzen verändern. Analysen der Immobilienmärkte mit Hilfe hedonischer Preisschätzungen zeigen zudem auf, dass eine lokale Häufung von Kreditausfallrisiken mit erheblichen Preisminderungen bei Wohnungsmieten sowie Kaufpreisen für Eigentumswohnungen und Ein- und Zweifamilienhäuser verbunden ist. Somit spricht vieles dafür, dass die lokale Ballung von Haushalten mit Zahlungsproblemen ein Kennzeichen von Segregationsprozessen ist, die für die dort lebende Bevölkerung nachteilige Nachbarschaftseffekte mit sich bringen. Anstrengungen sind insbesondere erforderlich, um die Bildungschancen von Kindern und Jugendlichen in den entsprechenden Stadtteilen zu verbessern. Darüber hinaus haben zahlreiche Studien aufgezeigt, dass es vielen Erwachsenen an Kompetenzen mangelt, um im eigenen Sinne vorteilhafte Finanzentscheidungen zu treffen. Insbesondere in Stadtgebieten mit gehäuften Kreditausfallrisiken, wie beispielsweise im Kernraum des Ruhrgebiets, ist ein Bedarf an Bildungsinitiativen zu erkennen, deren Ziel es sein muss, die erforderliche Wissensaneignung zu unterstützen.

Suggested Citation

  • Neumann, Uwe & Schaffner, Sandra & Eilers, Lea, 2019. "Bedeutung finanzieller Grundkompetenzen aus regionaler Perspektive. Gefördert durch die Dr. Josef und Brigitte Pauli-Stiftung," RWI Projektberichte, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, number 222358, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:rwipro:222358
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