IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp9603.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Socio-Economic Segregation in European Capital Cities: Increasing Separation between Poor and Rich

Author

Listed:
  • Musterd, Sako

    (University of Amsterdam)

  • Marci?czak, Szymon

    (University of Tartu)

  • van Ham, Maarten

    (Delft University of Technology)

  • Tammaru, Tiit

    (University of Tartu)

Abstract

Socio-economic inequality is on the rise in major European cities as are the worries about that, since this development is seen as threatening social cohesion and stability. Surprisingly, relatively little is known about the spatial dimensions of rising socioeconomic inequality. This paper builds on a study of socio-economic segregation in twelve European cities: Amsterdam, Athens, Budapest, London, Madrid, Oslo, Prague, Riga, Stockholm, Tallinn, Vienna, and Vilnius. Data are used from national censuses and registers for the years 2001 and 2011. The main conclusion is that socio-economic segregation in Europe has grown. This paper develops a rigorous multi-factor approach to understand segregation and links it to four underlying universal, partially overlapping, structural factors: social inequalities, globalization and economic restructuring, welfare regimes, and housing systems. The paper provides an in-depth discussion of these factors to come to a better understanding of the differences between the hypothesized and actual segregation levels measured. It is suggested that introducing time-lags between structural factors and segregation outcomes improve the theoretical model.

Suggested Citation

  • Musterd, Sako & Marci?czak, Szymon & van Ham, Maarten & Tammaru, Tiit, 2015. "Socio-Economic Segregation in European Capital Cities: Increasing Separation between Poor and Rich," IZA Discussion Papers 9603, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9603
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://docs.iza.org/dp9603.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nolan, Brian & Salverda, Wiemer & Checchi, Daniele & Marx, Ive & McKnight, Abigail & Toth, Istvan Gy (ed.), 2014. "Changing Inequalities and Societal Impacts in Rich Countries: Thirty Countries' Experiences," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199687428.
    2. Chris Hamnett, 1994. "Social Polarisation in Global Cities: Theory and Evidence," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 31(3), pages 401-424, April.
    3. Sonia Arbaci, 2007. "Ethnic Segregation, Housing Systems and Welfare Regimes in Europe," European Journal of Housing Policy, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 7(4), pages 401-433.
    4. A S Fotheringham & D W S Wong, 1991. "The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in Multivariate Statistical Analysis," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 23(7), pages 1025-1044, July.
    5. Salverda, Wiemer & Nolan, Brian & Checchi, Daniele & Marx, Ive & McKnight, Abigail & Toth, Istvan Gy (ed.), 2014. "Changing Inequalities in Rich Countries: Analytical and Comparative Perspectives," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199687435.
    6. Sonia Arbaci, 2007. "Ethnic Segregation, Housing Systems and Welfare Regimes in Europe," International Journal of Housing Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(4), pages 401-433.
    7. Kleinhans, Reinout & van Ham, Maarten, 2013. "Lessons Learned from the Largest Tenure Mix Operation in the World: Right to Buy in the United Kingdom," IZA Discussion Papers 7168, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Zoltán Kovács & Günter Herfert, 2012. "Development Pathways of Large Housing Estates in Post-socialist Cities: An International Comparison," Housing Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(3), pages 324-342.
    9. Szymon Marcińczak & Michael Gentile & Samuel Rufat & Liviu Chelcea, 2014. "Urban Geographies of Hesitant Transition: Tracing Socioeconomic Segregation in Post-Ceauşescu Bucharest," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(4), pages 1399-1417, July.
    10. Kristi Anniste & Tiit Tammaru, 2014. "Ethnic differences in integration levels and return migration intentions," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 30(13), pages 377-412.
    11. Kornai, Janos, 1992. "The Socialist System: The Political Economy of Communism," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198287766.
    12. Justin Kadi & Richard Ronald, 2014. "Market-based housing reforms and the ‘right to the city’: the variegated experiences of New York, Amsterdam and Tokyo," International Journal of Housing Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 268-292, July.
    13. Bertaud, Alain & Renaud, Bertrand, 1997. "Socialist Cities without Land Markets," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 137-151, January.
    14. Justin Kadi & Richard Ronald, 2014. "Market-based housing reforms and the ‘right to the city’: the variegated experiences of New York, Amsterdam and Tokyo," European Journal of Housing Policy, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 14(3), pages 268-292, July.
    15. Julian Wolpert, 1965. "Behavioral Aspects Of The Decision To Migrate," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(1), pages 159-169, January.
    16. Jack Burgers & Sako Musterd, 2002. "Understanding Urban Inequality: A Model Based on Existing Theories and an Empirical Illustration," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(2), pages 403-413, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Linus Jonsson & Christina Berg & Christel Larsson & Peter Korp & Eva-Carin Lindgren, 2017. "Facilitators of Physical Activity: Voices of Adolescents in a Disadvantaged Community," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-13, July.
    2. Yannis Psycharis & Anastasia Panori, 2023. "Small-Scale Socio-Economic Conditions And Residential Segregation: Evidence From The Municipalities Across The Metropolitan Region Of Attica," Romanian Journal of Regional Science, Romanian Regional Science Association, vol. 17(1), pages 38-65, June.
    3. Takahiro Yabe & Bernardo García Bulle Bueno & Xiaowen Dong & Alex Pentland & Esteban Moro, 2023. "Behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased income diversity of urban encounters," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Cecilia Eseverri Mayer, 2019. "Linking suburban youth in Madrid and Paris. The role of civil society structures in the integration of children from Muslim backgrounds," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 56(13), pages 2616-2634, October.
    5. Chris Hamnett, 2021. "The changing social structure of global cities: Professionalisation, proletarianisation or polarisation," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(5), pages 1050-1066, April.
    6. Rafael Costa & Helga A. G. Valk, 2018. "Ethnic and Socioeconomic Segregation in Belgium: A Multiscalar Approach Using Individualised Neighbourhoods," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 34(2), pages 225-250, May.
    7. Anastasia Panori, 2017. "A Tale of Hidden Cities," REGION, European Regional Science Association, vol. 4, pages 19-38.
    8. Ewald Engelen & Julie Froud & Sukhdev Johal & Angelo Salento & Karel Williams, 2017. "The grounded city: from competitivity to the foundational economy," Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, Cambridge Political Economy Society, vol. 10(3), pages 407-423.
    9. Neumann, Uwe & Schaffner, Sandra & Eilers, Lea, 2019. "Bedeutung finanzieller Grundkompetenzen aus regionaler Perspektive. Gefördert durch die Dr. Josef und Brigitte Pauli-Stiftung," RWI Projektberichte, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, number 222358.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Szymon Marcińczak & Michael Gentile, 2023. "A Window Into the European City: Exploring Socioeconomic Residential Segregation in Urban Poland," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 114(3), pages 252-266, July.
    2. Jie Shen & Yang Xiao, 2020. "Emerging divided cities in China: Socioeconomic segregation in Shanghai, 2000–2010," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(6), pages 1338-1356, May.
    3. Grzegorczyk Anna, 2021. "Residential segregation and socio-spatial processes in Marseille. Urban social sustainability challenge," Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, Sciendo, vol. 52(52), pages 25-38, June.
    4. Zwiers, Merle & Kleinhans, Reinout & van Ham, Maarten, 2015. "Divided Cities: Increasing Socio-Spatial Polarization within Large Cities in the Netherlands," IZA Discussion Papers 8882, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Montserrat Pareja‐Eastaway, 2009. "The Effects Of The Spanish Housing System On The Settlement Patterns Of Immigrants," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 100(4), pages 519-534, September.
    6. Thomas MALOUTAS, 2014. "Social And Spatial Impact Of The Crisis In Athens - From Clientelist Regulation To Sovereign Debt Crisis," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 39, pages 149-166.
    7. Jaap Nieuwenhuis & Tiit Tammaru & Maarten van Ham & Lina Hedman & David Manley, 2020. "Does segregation reduce socio-spatial mobility? Evidence from four European countries with different inequality and segregation contexts," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(1), pages 176-197, January.
    8. Thomas Maloutas, 2007. "Segregation, Social Polarization and Immigration in Athens during the 1990s: Theoretical Expectations and Contextual Difference," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(4), pages 733-758, December.
    9. Agnieszka Ogrodowczyk & Szymon Marcińczak, 2021. "Market-Based Housing Reforms and the Residualization of Public Housing: The Experience of Lodz, Poland," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(2), pages 91-103.
    10. Bo Kyong Seo & Dayoon Kim, 2024. "THE HOUSING‐WELFARE REGIME AND THIRD‐SECTOR HOUSING IN HONG KONG AND SOUTH KOREA: A Historical Institutionalist Perspective," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(3), pages 442-462, May.
    11. Cavicchia, Rebecca, 2023. "Housing accessibility in densifying cities: Entangled housing and land use policy limitations and insights from Oslo," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    12. Peter Benczur & Zsombor Cseres-Gergely & Peter Harasztosi, 2017. "EU-wide income inequality in the era of the Great Recession," Budapest Working Papers on the Labour Market 1713, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.
    13. Kostas Rontos & Barbara Ermini & Luca Salvati, 2023. "Enlarging the divide? Per-Capita Income as a measure of social inequalities in a southern European City," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 345-361, February.
    14. Luca Salvati & Margherita Carlucci, 2020. "Shaping Dimensions of Urban Complexity: The Role of Economic Structure and Socio-Demographic Local Contexts," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 147(1), pages 263-285, January.
    15. Magdalena Górczyńska, 2018. "Mechanisms of property ownership change and social change in inner-city Warsaw (Poland)," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 55(13), pages 2803-2820, October.
    16. Robert Musil & Jiannis Kaucic, 2024. "Housing Market Segmentation as a Driver of Urban Micro-Segregation? An In-Depth Analysis of Two Viennese Districts," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-25, September.
    17. Christian L. Redfearn, 2005. "The Cost of Imposing Monocentricity: Uncovering the Dynamics of Emerging Centrality in Post-Socialist Krakow's Land Markets," Working Paper 8586, USC Lusk Center for Real Estate.
    18. David Consolazio & David Benassi & Antonio Giampiero Russo, 2023. "Ethnic residential segregation in the city of Milan at the interplay between social class, housing and labour market," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 60(10), pages 1853-1874, August.
    19. Nolan, Brian & Richiardi, Matteo & Valenzuela, Luis, 2018. "The Drivers of Inequality in Rich Countries," INET Oxford Working Papers 2018-15, Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford.
    20. Massimo Bricocoli & Roberta Cucca, 2016. "Social mix and housing policy: Local effects of a misleading rhetoric. The case of Milan," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 53(1), pages 77-91, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    capital cities; inequality; socio-economic segregation; Europe; comparative research; census data;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • N94 - Economic History - - Regional and Urban History - - - Europe: 1913-
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • P25 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
    • R21 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Housing Demand
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9603. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Holger Hinte (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/izaaade.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.