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Changing income inequality: A distributional paradigm for Canada

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  • Charles M. Beach

Abstract

This paper examines the major changes in income inequality in Canada since the 1970s and collects them as a distributional paradigm for Canada. It focuses on labour market changes in terms of shares of workers and earnings shares for lower earners, middle‐class workers and higher earners in a flexible general framework. Polarization of full‐time workers, loss of middle‐class earnings share and increase in a higher earnings gap are highlighted. Changing returns to human capital, role of demographics and cohort effects and declining labour share are examined. The paper also reviews evidence of changing economic mobility and estimating the role of inequality of opportunity. Une inégalité changeante des revenus: un paradigme de répartition pour le Canada. Ce texte examine les changements majeurs dans l'inégalité des revenus au Canada depuis les années 1970 et les présentent en tant que paradigme de répartition pour le Canada. On met l'accent sur les changements dans le marché du travail en termes de parts des travailleurs et parts des gains pour les travailleurs à plus faibles revenus, travailleurs de la classe moyenne, et travailleurs à plus hauts revenus dans un cadre d'analyse général et flexible. On souligne la polarisation des gains des travailleurs à plein temps, la perte de la portion des gains pour la classe moyenne, et l'accroissement des écarts dans les gains les plus élevés. On examine les changements dans les rendements sur le capital humain, le rôle de la démographie et des effets de cohortes, et le déclin de la part des revenus des travailleurs. Le texte passe aussi en revue les changements dans la mobilité économique et calibre le rôle de l'inégalité des opportunités.

Suggested Citation

  • Charles M. Beach, 2016. "Changing income inequality: A distributional paradigm for Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 49(4), pages 1229-1292, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:49:y:2016:i:4:p:1229-1292
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12248
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    1. Russell Davidson, 2018. "Statistical Inference on the Canadian Middle Class," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Charles Beach, 2021. "A Useful Empirical Tool Box for Distributional Analysis," Working Paper 1466, Economics Department, Queen's University.
    3. Lazar Ilic & M Sawada, 2021. "The temporal evolution of income polarization in Canada’s largest CMAs," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(6), pages 1-27, June.
    4. Clément Carbonnier, 2023. "Une analyse interprovinciale de la redistribution des revenus au Canada. Où en est le Québec ?," Post-Print hal-04269577, HAL.
    5. Charles Beach, 2023. "Quantile Tool Box Measures for Empirical Analysis and for Testing Distributional Comparisons in Direct Distribution-Free Fashion," Working Paper 1508, Economics Department, Queen's University.

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