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Investigation of Topographical Controls on the Groundwater Potential Zone in a Hilly Watershed Using a Geospatial and Geophysical Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Roshani Singh

    (Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee)

  • Aditya Kumar Anand

    (Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee)

  • Pallavi Banerjee Chattopadhyay

    (Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee)

Abstract

Evaluation of groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) in hilly regions is challenging due to its steep slopes, runoff, erosion, landslides, and changing land use patterns. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and remotely sensed data are integrated with Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) to identify the critical markers influencing the GPWZ. The findings suggest slope exposure, relief, fractures, and weathering are critical features of GWPZ. Hill slopes have distinct zones of varied recharge, whereas foot of a hill has an evenly distributed recharge area with significant evapotranspiration depending on landscape characteristics. The study demonstrates how integrated technologies might aid in overcoming the challenges. The linear combination method of weighted overlay is applied to integrate the GIS maps of different groundwater potential indexes (GWPI) using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. The final map suggests that about 75% of the Aglar watershed in the Tehri Garhwal District, Uttarakhand, India, falls under the "moderate" to "high" GWPZ category, 17% area of the watershed falls under "very high" GWPZ, and the rest 8% of the area is under "very low" to "low" GWPZ. Subsequent integration of 2D ERT with the remote sensing (RS) and GIS outputs, yields a vertical subsurface mapping of soil heterogeneities with an effective depth of saturation that quantifies the GWPZ. The zone of saturation is mainly controlled by fractures and the weathered formation where electrical resistivity ranges between 25 and 225 Ω-m. The mapping techniques affirm that the northern aspect of the watershed has a higher potential for groundwater occurrence than the southern aspect.

Suggested Citation

  • Roshani Singh & Aditya Kumar Anand & Pallavi Banerjee Chattopadhyay, 2022. "Investigation of Topographical Controls on the Groundwater Potential Zone in a Hilly Watershed Using a Geospatial and Geophysical Approach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(13), pages 5313-5333, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:waterr:v:36:y:2022:i:13:d:10.1007_s11269-022-03314-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s11269-022-03314-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rajat Agarwal & P. Garg, 2016. "Remote Sensing and GIS Based Groundwater Potential & Recharge Zones Mapping Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Technique," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(1), pages 243-260, January.
    2. Rajat Agarwal & P. K. Garg, 2016. "Remote Sensing and GIS Based Groundwater Potential & Recharge Zones Mapping Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Technique," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(1), pages 243-260, January.
    3. World Bank, 2010. "Deep Wells and Prudence : Towards Pragmatic Action for Addressing Groundwater Overexploitation in India," World Bank Publications - Reports 2835, The World Bank Group.
    4. Satiprasad Sahoo & Selva Balaji Munusamy & Anirban Dhar & Amlanjyoti Kar & Prahlad Ram, 2017. "Appraising the Accuracy of Multi-Class Frequency Ratio and Weights of Evidence Method for Delineation of Regional Groundwater Potential Zones in Canal Command System," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(14), pages 4399-4413, November.
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    Keywords

    Himalayan watershed; GIS; AHP; ERT; GWPZ;
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