IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/manrev/v73y2023i4d10.1007_s11301-022-00281-w.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Factors of customers’ channel choice in an omnichannel environment: a systematic literature review

Author

Listed:
  • Lukas Wolf

    (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU))

  • Martina Steul-Fischer

    (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU))

Abstract

The proliferation of mobile devices and the continuous development of online technologies has led to an increasing variety of channels, leaving customers with a choice of channel alongside the choice of product, service, or retailer. Any attempt to optimize customer experience and engage in successful omnichannel management will require a complete, multifaceted understanding of the processes around channel choice of customers. To date, the many existing studies around multi- and omnichannel research have failed to yield an integrated, comprehensive synthesis of factors involved in customers´ channel choice. Our study conducted a systematic literature review to the end of identifying the factors involved in channel choice which appear in the scientific literature on this topic over the last two decades. We retrieved 128 papers from three bibliographic databases (EBSCO Host, Scopus, and Web of Science) and carried out descriptive analysis on them. Qualitative thematic analysis inductively extracted 66 different factors of channel choice, each assignable to five broader categories, from the studies included in the review. The findings indicate that perceived channel characteristics, customer needs and situational or contextual factors influence customers´ channel choice directly, and customer characteristics and characteristics of products or services influence it indirectly. Alongside its presentation of an integrated conceptual framework comprising these relationships, our study details a comprehensive research agenda with regards to theories, contexts, and methods and, in particular, with regards to factors influencing customers´ channel choice. Our findings advance the academic understanding of channel choice behavior and provide researchers and practitioners in this area with information on important implications for omnichannel management.

Suggested Citation

  • Lukas Wolf & Martina Steul-Fischer, 2023. "Factors of customers’ channel choice in an omnichannel environment: a systematic literature review," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 73(4), pages 1579-1630, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:spr:manrev:v:73:y:2023:i:4:d:10.1007_s11301-022-00281-w
    DOI: 10.1007/s11301-022-00281-w
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11301-022-00281-w
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11301-022-00281-w?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Heitz-Spahn, Sandrine, 2013. "Cross-channel free-riding consumer behavior in a multichannel environment: An investigation of shopping motives, sociodemographics and product categories," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 20(6), pages 570-578.
    2. Cai, Ya-Jun & Lo, Chris K.Y., 2020. "Omni-channel management in the new retailing era: A systematic review and future research agenda," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    3. Snyder, Hannah, 2019. "Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 333-339.
    4. Sandrine Heitz-Spahn, 2013. "Cross-channel free-riding consumer behavior in a multichannel environment: An investigation of shopping motives, sociodemographics and product categories," Post-Print hal-01369291, HAL.
    5. Babin, Barry J & Darden, William R & Griffin, Mitch, 1994. "Work and/or Fun: Measuring Hedonic and Utilitarian Shopping Value," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 20(4), pages 644-656, March.
    6. Hossain, Tasnim M Taufique & Akter, Shahriar & Kattiyapornpong, Uraiporn & Dwivedi, Yogesh K., 2019. "Multichannel integration quality: A systematic review and agenda for future research," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 154-163.
    7. Herhausen, Dennis & Kleinlercher, Kristina & Verhoef, Peter C. & Emrich, Oliver & Rudolph, Thomas, 2019. "Loyalty Formation for Different Customer Journey Segments," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 95(3), pages 9-29.
    8. Paul, Justin & Criado, Alex Rialp, 2020. "The art of writing literature review: What do we know and what do we need to know?," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(4).
    9. Konuş, Umut & Neslin, Scott A. & Verhoef, Peter C., 2014. "The effect of search channel elimination on purchase incidence, order size and channel choice," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 49-64.
    10. Paul, Justin & Parthasarathy, Sundar & Gupta, Parul, 2017. "Exporting challenges of SMEs: A review and future research agenda," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 52(3), pages 327-342.
    11. Qing Zhai & Xinyu Cao & Patricia L. Mokhtarian & Feng Zhen, 2017. "The interactions between e-shopping and store shopping in the shopping process for search goods and experience goods," Transportation, Springer, vol. 44(5), pages 885-904, September.
    12. Nelson, Phillip, 1970. "Information and Consumer Behavior," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 78(2), pages 311-329, March-Apr.
    13. Sebald, Anna Kathrin & Jacob, Frank, 2020. "What help do you need for your fashion shopping? A typology of curated fashion shoppers based on shopping motivations," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 319-334.
    14. Bilgicer, Tolga & Jedidi, Kamel & Lehmann, Donald R. & Neslin, Scott A., 2015. "Social Contagion and Customer Adoption of New Sales Channels," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 91(2), pages 254-271.
    15. Andreas Kuckertz & Joern Block, 2021. "Reviewing systematic literature reviews: ten key questions and criteria for reviewers," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 71(3), pages 519-524, July.
    16. Shakir Goraya, M. Awais & Zhu, Jing & Akram, Muhammad Shakaib & Shareef, Mahmud Akhter & Malik, Aneela & Bhatti, Zeeshan Ahmed, 2022. "The impact of channel integration on consumers’ channel preferences: Do showrooming and webrooming behaviors matter?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    17. Kondo, Fumiyo N. & Okubo, Taishi, 2022. "Understanding multi-channel consumer behavior: A comparison between segmentations of multi-channel purchases by product category and overall products," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    18. Dennis, Charles & Alamanos, Eleftherios & Papagiannidis, Savvas & Bourlakis, Michael, 2016. "Does social exclusion influence multiple channel use? The interconnections with community, happiness, and well-being," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(3), pages 1061-1070.
    19. Lea Sonderegger-Wakolbinger & Christian Stummer, 2015. "An agent-based simulation of customer multi-channel choice behavior," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 23(2), pages 459-477, June.
    20. Sands, Sean & Ferraro, Carla & Campbell, Colin & Pallant, Jason, 2016. "Segmenting multichannel consumers across search, purchase and after-sales," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 62-71.
    21. Theresa Eckert & Stefan Hüsig, 2022. "Innovation portfolio management: a systematic review and research agenda in regards to digital service innovations," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 72(1), pages 187-230, February.
    22. Nguyen, Anh Thi Van & McClelland, Robert & Thuan, Nguyen Hoang, 2022. "Exploring customer experience during channel switching in omnichannel retailing context: A qualitative assessment," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    23. Sandrine Heitz-Spahn, 2013. "Cross-channel free-riding consumer behavior in a multichannel environment: An investigation of shopping motives, sociodemographics and product categories," Post-Print hal-03010102, HAL.
    24. Santos, Susana & Gonçalves, Helena Martins, 2019. "Multichannel consumer behaviors in the mobile environment: Using fsQCA and discriminant analysis to understand webrooming motivations," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 757-766.
    25. Christian Fisch & Joern Block, 2018. "Six tips for your (systematic) literature review in business and management research," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 68(2), pages 103-106, April.
    26. Fiestas, Jorge Carlos & Tuzovic, Sven, 2021. "Mobile-assisted showroomers: Understanding their purchase journey and personalities," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    27. Frasquet, Marta & Ieva, Marco & Ziliani, Cristina, 2019. "Understanding complaint channel usage in multichannel retailing," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 94-103.
    28. Tueanrat, Yanika & Papagiannidis, Savvas & Alamanos, Eleftherios, 2021. "Going on a journey: A review of the customer journey literature," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 336-353.
    29. Singh, Sonika & Jang, Sungha, 2022. "Search, purchase, and satisfaction in a multiple-channel environment: How have mobile devices changed consumer behaviors?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    30. Gonca Soysal & Lakshman Krishnamurthi, 2016. "How Does Adoption of the Outlet Channel Impact Customers’ Spending in the Retail Stores: Conflict or Synergy?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 62(9), pages 2692-2704, September.
    31. Koistinen, Katri & Järvinen, Raija, 2009. "Consumer observations on channel choices—Competitive strategies in Finnish grocery retailing," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 260-270.
    32. Kinshuk Jerath & Anuj Kumar & Serguei Netessine, 2015. "An Information Stock Model of Customer Behavior in Multichannel Customer Support Services," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 17(3), pages 368-383, July.
    33. Mark, Tanya & Bulla, Jan & Niraj, Rakesh & Bulla, Ingo & Schwarzwäller, Wolfgang, 2019. "Catalogue as a tool for reinforcing habits: Empirical evidence from a multichannel retailer," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 528-541.
    34. Schröder, Hendrik & Zaharia, Silvia, 2008. "Linking multi-channel customer behavior with shopping motives: An empirical investigation of a German retailer," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 452-468.
    35. Verhoef, Peter C. & Kannan, P.K. & Inman, J. Jeffrey, 2015. "From Multi-Channel Retailing to Omni-Channel Retailing," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 91(2), pages 174-181.
    36. Kollmann, Tobias & Kuckertz, Andreas & Kayser, Ina, 2012. "Cannibalization or synergy? Consumers' channel selection in online–offline multichannel systems," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 186-194.
    37. Lily (Xuehui) Gao & Iguacel Melero & F. Javier Sese, 2020. "Multichannel integration along the customer journey: a systematic review and research agenda," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(15-16), pages 1087-1118, December.
    38. Pradeep K. Chintagunta & Junhong Chu & Javier Cebollada, 2012. "Quantifying Transaction Costs in Online/Off-line Grocery Channel Choice," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 31(1), pages 96-114, January.
    39. Daunt, Kate L. & Harris, Lloyd C., 2017. "Consumer showrooming: Value co-destruction," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 166-176.
    40. Barwitz, Niklas & Maas, Peter, 2018. "Understanding the Omnichannel Customer Journey: Determinants of Interaction Choice," Journal of Interactive Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 116-133.
    41. Thaichon, Park & Phau, Ian & Weaven, Scott, 2022. "Moving from multi-channel to Omni-channel retailing: Special issue introduction," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    42. Eunhye Kim & Christian Fernando Libaque-Saenz & Myeong-Cheol Park, 2019. "Understanding shopping routes of offline purchasers: selection of search-channels (online vs. offline) and search-platforms (mobile vs. PC) based on product types," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 13(2), pages 305-338, June.
    43. Carmen Gerea & Fernanda Gonzalez-Lopez & Valeria Herskovic, 2021. "Omnichannel Customer Experience and Management: An Integrative Review and Research Agenda," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-24, March.
    44. Cervellon, Marie-Cécile & Sylvie, Jean & Ngobo, Paul-Valentin, 2015. "Shopping orientations as antecedents to channel choice in the French grocery multichannel landscape," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 31-51.
    45. Sun, Yongqiang & Yang, Chaofan & Shen, Xiao-Liang & Wang, Nan, 2020. "When digitalized customers meet digitalized services: A digitalized social cognitive perspective of omnichannel service usage," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    46. Wagner, Gerhard & Schramm-Klein, Hanna & Steinmann, Sascha, 2020. "Online retailing across e-channels and e-channel touchpoints: Empirical studies of consumer behavior in the multichannel e-commerce environment," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 256-270.
    47. Tianshu Sun & Lanfei Shi & Siva Viswanathan & Elena Zheleva, 2019. "Motivating Effective Mobile App Adoptions: Evidence from a Large-Scale Randomized Field Experiment," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 30(2), pages 523-539, June.
    48. Gary Madden & Aniruddha Banerjee & Paul N. Rappoport & Hiroaki Suenaga, 2017. "E-commerce transactions, the installed base of credit cards, and the potential mobile E-commerce adoption," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(1), pages 21-32, January.
    49. Noble, Stephanie M. & Griffith, David A. & Weinberger, Marc G., 2005. "Consumer derived utilitarian value and channel utilization in a multi-channel retail context," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 58(12), pages 1643-1651, December.
    50. Beck, Norbert & Rygl, David, 2015. "Categorization of multiple channel retailing in Multi-, Cross-, and Omni†Channel Retailing for retailers and retailing," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 170-178.
    51. Anuj Kumar & Amit Mehra & Subodha Kumar, 2019. "Why Do Stores Drive Online Sales? Evidence of Underlying Mechanisms from a Multichannel Retailer," Service Science, INFORMS, vol. 30(1), pages 319-338, March.
    52. Holbrook, Morris B & Hirschman, Elizabeth C, 1982. "The Experiential Aspects of Consumption: Consumer Fantasies, Feelings, and Fun," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 9(2), pages 132-140, September.
    53. Konuş, Umut & Verhoef, Peter C. & Neslin, Scott A., 2008. "Multichannel Shopper Segments and Their Covariates," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 84(4), pages 398-413.
    54. De Keyser, Arne & Schepers, Jeroen & Konuş, Umut, 2015. "Multichannel customer segmentation: Does the after-sales channel matter? A replication and extension," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 453-456.
    55. Sonja Gensler & Peter Verhoef & Martin Böhm, 2012. "Understanding consumers’ multichannel choices across the different stages of the buying process," Marketing Letters, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 987-1003, December.
    56. Hallikainen, Heli & Alamäki, Ari & Laukkanen, Tommi, 2019. "Individual preferences of digital touchpoints: A latent class analysis," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 386-393.
    57. Filotto, Umberto & Caratelli, Massimo & Fornezza, Fabrizio, 2021. "Shaping the digital transformation of the retail banking industry. Empirical evidence from Italy," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 366-375.
    58. Schneider, Patricia J. & Zielke, Stephan, 2020. "Searching offline and buying online – An analysis of showrooming forms and segments," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    59. Valentini, Sara & Neslin, Scott A. & Montaguti, Elisa, 2020. "Identifying omnichannel deal prone segments, their antecedents, and their consequences," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 96(3), pages 310-327.
    60. Oppewal, Harmen & Tojib, Dewi Rooslani & Louvieris, Panos, 2013. "Experimental analysis of consumer channel-mix use," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 66(11), pages 2226-2233.
    61. Kalyanam, Kirthi & Lenk, Peter & Rhee, Eddie, 2017. "Basket Composition and Choice Among Direct Channels: A Latent State Model of Shopping Costs," Journal of Interactive Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 69-88.
    62. Kim, Jikyung (Jeanne) & Song, Hyeasinn & Choi, Jeonghye & Kim, Yongseob & Hong, Jeonghan, 2021. "Channel stickiness in the shopping journey for electronics: Evidence from China and South Korea," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 506-516.
    63. Marie-Cécile Cervellon & Jean Sylvie & Paul Valentin Ngobo, 2015. "Shopping orientations as antecedents to channel choice in the French grocery multichannel landscape," Post-Print hal-01619879, HAL.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Neslin, Scott A., 2022. "The omnichannel continuum: Integrating online and offline channels along the customer journey," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 98(1), pages 111-132.
    2. Tueanrat, Yanika & Papagiannidis, Savvas & Alamanos, Eleftherios, 2021. "A conceptual framework of the antecedents of customer journey satisfaction in omnichannel retailing," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    3. Blömker, Jan & Albrecht, Carmen-Maria, 2024. "Psychographic segmentation of multichannel customers: investigating the influence of individual differences on channel choice and switching behavior," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    4. Nagy Akos & Kemeny Ildiko & Szucs Krisztian, 2024. "Channel preferences: Unveiling omnichannel behavior in sports and leisure product purchases," Management & Marketing, Sciendo, vol. 19(4), pages 667-691.
    5. Eunhye Kim & Christian Fernando Libaque-Saenz & Myeong-Cheol Park, 2019. "Understanding shopping routes of offline purchasers: selection of search-channels (online vs. offline) and search-platforms (mobile vs. PC) based on product types," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 13(2), pages 305-338, June.
    6. Mencarelli, Rémi & Rivière, Arnaud & Lombart, Cindy, 2021. "Do myriad e-channels always create value for customers? A dynamic analysis of the perceived value of a digital information product during the usage phase," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    7. Flavián, Carlos & Gurrea, Raquel & Orús, Carlos, 2020. "Combining channels to make smart purchases: The role of webrooming and showrooming," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    8. Kondo, Fumiyo N. & Okubo, Taishi, 2022. "Understanding multi-channel consumer behavior: A comparison between segmentations of multi-channel purchases by product category and overall products," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    9. Paula Rodríguez–Torrico & Sonia San–Martín & Rebeca San José Cabezudo, 2020. "Consumer behavior using multiple channels: a review," DOCFRADIS Working Papers 2002, Catedra Fundación Ramón Areces de Distribución Comercial, revised Jul 2020.
    10. Hallikainen, Heli & Alamäki, Ari & Laukkanen, Tommi, 2019. "Individual preferences of digital touchpoints: A latent class analysis," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 386-393.
    11. Schneider, Patricia J. & Zielke, Stephan, 2020. "Searching offline and buying online – An analysis of showrooming forms and segments," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    12. Cocco, Helen & Demoulin, Nathalie T.M., 2022. "Designing a seamless shopping journey through omnichannel retailer integration," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 461-475.
    13. Timoumi, Ahmed & Gangwar, Manish & Mantrala, Murali K., 2022. "Cross-channel effects of omnichannel retail marketing strategies: A review of extant data-driven research," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 98(1), pages 133-151.
    14. Vipul Patel, 2024. "Profiling ROPO Shoppers: Shopping Value Perspective," Business Perspectives and Research, , vol. 12(3), pages 344-360, July.
    15. Flavián, Carlos & Gurrea, Raquel & Orús, Carlos, 2019. "Feeling Confident and Smart with Webrooming: Understanding the Consumer's Path to Satisfaction," Journal of Interactive Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 1-15.
    16. Miquel-Romero, Maria-Jose & Frasquet, Marta & Molla-Descals, Alejandro, 2020. "The role of the store in managing postpurchase complaints for omnichannel shoppers," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 288-296.
    17. Ngoh, Cheryl-lyn & Groening, Christopher, 2022. "The effect of COVID-19 on consumers’ channel shopping behaviors: A segmentation study," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    18. Barwitz, Niklas & Maas, Peter, 2018. "Understanding the Omnichannel Customer Journey: Determinants of Interaction Choice," Journal of Interactive Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 116-133.
    19. Kalayci, Eda & Becker, Jan U. & Barrot, Christian, 2024. "Understanding customers’ choice for digital D2C versus multi-brand operations," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 100(2), pages 256-273.
    20. Gensler, Sonja & Neslin, Scott A. & Verhoef, Peter C., 2017. "The Showrooming Phenomenon: It's More than Just About Price," Journal of Interactive Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 29-43.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Channel choice; Omnichannel management; Multichannel management; Consumer behavior; Customer behavior; Systematic literature review;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • M31 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Marketing and Advertising - - - Marketing
    • M37 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Marketing and Advertising - - - Advertising
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:manrev:v:73:y:2023:i:4:d:10.1007_s11301-022-00281-w. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.