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Les entreprises, les salariés et la formation continue

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  • Dominique Goux
  • Éric Maurin

Abstract

[spa] La empresa, los salarios y la formaciôn continua . Desde 1 971 , Francia ha establecido un sistema original de formaciôn continua de tipo " Formen o paguen ". Cada empresa se ve obligada a dedicar parte de su masa salarial a la formaciôn continua. De no cumplir con ese esfuerzo mmimo, debe abonar en un fondo pûblico la cantidad correspondiente. Las obligaciones y los costes de semejante sistema nos invitan a examinar los efectos reaies de esta polîtica tanto sobre el funcionamiento de la empresa como sobre la ventajas que van sacando de él los asalariados. Apartir de un anâlisis de los resultados de una encuesta del Insee sobre formaciôn y cualificaciôn profesional, se Ilega a la conclusion de que la formaciôn continua en empresa no tiene efectos propios muy notables sobre los salarios de aquellos que se benefician de ella. En cambio, aumenta de manera relevante la estabilidad de los empleos de aquellos que la aprovecharon. Ese efecto positivo sigue siendo mal repartido entre los asalariados y finalmente aquellos a quienes mâs les h a n'a falta reforzar sus vi'nculos con el mercado de trabajo, son los que menos acceden a este dispositivo. [fre] Les entreprises, les salariés et la formation continue . Depuis 1 971 , la France a mis en place un système original de formation continue de type « formez ou payez ». Chaque entreprise est tenue d'allouer une partie de sa masse salariale à la formation continue. A défaut de réaliser cet effort minimum, elle doit verser à un fonds public les sommes correspondantes. Les contraintes et les coûts d'un tel système amènent à s'interroger sur les effets réels d'une telle politique à la fois sur le fonctionnement de l'entreprise et sur les avantages qu'en retirent les salariés. . À partir d'une analyse des résultats d'une enquête de Nnsee sur la formation et la qualification professionnelle, il ressort que la formation continue en entreprise n'a pas d'effet propre très important sur les salaires de ceux qui en bénéficient. En revanche, elle accroît de façon significative la stabilité des emplois de ceux qui en ont profité. Cet effet positif reste cependant inégalement réparti parmi les salariés et ce sont finalement ceux qui auraient le plus besoin de renforcer leurs liens avec le marché du travail qui accèdent le moins à ce dispositif. [eng] Companies, Employees and In-Service Training . In 1971, France introduced an original "train or pay" in-service training system. Companies are bound to allocate part of their payroll to in-service training. If they do not make this minimal effort, they have to pay the corresponding sums to a public fund. The constraints and costs of this system raise questions about the real effects of such a policy on the way in which companies operate and the advantages for employees. . An analysis of the results of an INSEE survey on training and professional qualifications finds that in-service training alone does not have a very strong effect on the wages of those given the training. However, it significantly improves job stability. Nevertheless, this positive effect remains unevenly distributed among employees. When all is said and done, it is the individuals who normally need most to strengthen their ties with the labour market who have the least access to this mechanism. [ger] Unternehmen, Arbeitnehmer und berufliche Weiterbildung . Seit 1971 hat Frankreich ein originelles System der beruflichen Weiterbildung geschaffen, das nach der Devise "ausbilden oder zahlen" funktioniert. Jedes Unternehmen muB einen Tèil seiner Lohn- und Gehalts- masse fur die berufliche Weiterbildung aufwenden. Wenn ein Unternehmen dièse Mindestanstrengung nicht unternimmt, muB es die entsprechenden Betrâge an einen ôffentlichen Fonds zahlen. Aufgrund der Zwânge und Kosten eines solchen Systems stellt sich die Frage nach den tatsâchlichen Auswirkungen einer solchen Politik, und zwar sowohl hinsichtlich der Funktionsweise des Unternehmens als auch hinsichtlich der Vorteile, die sich fur die Arbeitnehmer daraus ergeben. . Aus einer Analyse der Ergebnisse einer INSEE-Erhebung ùber die Ausbildung und die berufliche Qualifikation geht hervor, daB die berufliche Weiterbildung im Unternehmen an sich keine sehr groBen Auswirkungen auf die Lôhne derjenigen hat, die sie in Anspruch nehmen. Dagegen trâgt sie erheblich zur Sicherung der Arbeitsplâtze derjenigen bei, die sie genutzt haben. Dièse positive Auswirkung ist allerdings nach wie vor ungleich unter den Arbeitnehmern verteilt; und letztendlich haben diejenigen, die ihre Beziehungen zum Arbeitsmarkt am meisten verstârken mùBten, am wenigsten Zugang zu diesem System.

Suggested Citation

  • Dominique Goux & Éric Maurin, 1997. "Les entreprises, les salariés et la formation continue," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 306(1), pages 41-55.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1997_num_306_1_2571
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1997.2571
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1997.2571
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jörn-Steffen Pischke, 2001. "Continuous training in Germany," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 14(3), pages 523-548.
    2. David G. Blanchflower & Lisa M. Lynch, 1994. "Training at Work: A Comparison of U.S. and British Youths," NBER Chapters, in: Training and the Private Sector: International Comparisons, pages 233-260, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Lisa M. Lynch, 1994. "Training and the Private Sector: International Comparisons," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number lync94-1.
    4. Denis Fougère & Dominique Goux & Éric Maurin, 2001. "Formation continue et carrières salariales. Une évaluation sur données individuelles," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 62, pages 49-69.
    5. Lynch, Lisa M. (ed.), 1994. "Training and the Private Sector," National Bureau of Economic Research Books, University of Chicago Press, edition 1, number 9780226498102, September.
    6. Dominique Goux & Éric Maurin, 1994. "Éducation, expérience et salaire," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 116(5), pages 155-178.
    7. Heckman, James J. & Robb, Richard Jr., 1985. "Alternative methods for evaluating the impact of interventions : An overview," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 30(1-2), pages 239-267.
    8. John Bishop, 1994. "The Impact of Previous Training on Productivity and Wages," NBER Chapters, in: Training and the Private Sector: International Comparisons, pages 161-200, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. Goux, Dominique & Maurin, Eric, 1999. "Persistence of Interindustry Wage Differentials: A Reexamination Using Matched Worker-Firm Panel Data," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 17(3), pages 492-533, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Coralie Perez & Gwenaëlle Thomas, 2005. "Trajectoires d'emploi précaire et formation continue," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 388(1), pages 107-127.
    2. Pierre Béret & Arnaud Dupray, 1998. "Valorisation salariale de la formation continue en France et en Allemagne," Working Papers halshs-00006122, HAL.
    3. Olivier Monso & Laurent Thévenot, 2008. "Des milieux sociaux au marché du travail : les questionnements sur la société française pendant quarante ans d’enquêtes «Formation et Qualification Professionnelle» ," Working Papers 2008-20, Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
    4. Gérard Ballot & Fathi Fakhfakh & Erol Taymaz, 2002. "Who benefits from training and R&D: The firm or the workers? A study on panels of French and Swedish firms," ERC Working Papers 0201, ERC - Economic Research Center, Middle East Technical University, revised Jan 2002.
    5. Said Hanchane & Audrey Dumas, 2008. "The Impact of Job Training on the Performances of Moroccan Firms: Empirical Evidence with Firm-Level Panel Data," Economics of Education Working Paper Series 0030, University of Zurich, Department of Business Administration (IBW).
    6. Saïd Hanchane & Jacques Silber, 2004. "On the Link Between On-the-Job Training and Earnings' Dispersion," Working Papers halshs-00010143, HAL.
    7. Audrey Dumas & Saïd Hanchane, 2010. "How does job‐training increase firm performance? The case of Morocco," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 31(5), pages 585-602, August.
    8. Saïd Hanchane & François Stankiewicz, 2004. "Propositions pour une théorie organisationnelle de la formation : les enseignements de l'enquête Formation continue 2000," Working Papers halshs-00010249, HAL.
    9. Coralie Perez, 2007. "Unstable employment histories and continuing training," Post-Print halshs-00293835, HAL.

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