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A Decomposition of Male-Female Earnings Differentials

Author

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  • Rehana Siddiqui

    (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.)

  • Rizwana Siddiqui

    (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.)

Abstract

The participation of women in paid economic activities has increased in almost all the countries and Pakistan is no exception.1 However, the quantitative increase in female participation in market production has neither led to qualitative improvements in their lives nor to equality of opportunity and treatment between males and females at home and in the labour market. In emerging global economic scenario, the role of females in a country’s economic development is becoming critical. This will be a major issue in the next century, as welfare of a society can not be improved unless specific measures are undertaken to improve the socio-economic status of women. In this study we intend to examine the role of females in labour market, particularly their earnings relative to the earnings of males.

Suggested Citation

  • Rehana Siddiqui & Rizwana Siddiqui, 1998. "A Decomposition of Male-Female Earnings Differentials," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 37(4), pages 885-898.
    • Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:37:y:1998:i:4:p:885-898
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    File URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1998/Volume4/885-898.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. A.R. Kemal, 1994. "Structural Adjustment, Employment, Income Distribution and Poverty," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 33(4), pages 901-914.
    2. Shahnaz Hamid, 1991. "Determinants of the Supply of Women in the Labour Market: A Micro Analysis," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 30(4), pages 755-766.
    3. Tassawar Saeed Ibraz, 1993. "The Cultural Context of Women's Productive Invisibility: A Case Study of a Pakistani Village," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 32(1), pages 101-125.
    4. Gannicott, Kenneth, 1986. "Women, Wages, and Discrimination: Some Evidence from Taiwan," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 34(4), pages 721-730, July.
    5. Zafar Iqbal & Rizwana Siddiqui, 1999. "Impact of Fiscal Adjustment on Income Distribution in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 38(1), pages 1-24.
    6. Cotton, Jeremiah, 1988. "On the Decomposition of Wage Differentials," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 70(2), pages 236-243, May.
    7. Randall K. Filer, 1983. "Sexual Differences in Earnings: The Role of Individual Personalities and Tastes," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 18(1), pages 82-99.
    8. Javed Ashraf & Birjees Ashraf, 1993. "An Analysis of the Male-Female Earnings Differential in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 32(4), pages 895-904.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. World Bank, 2005. "Pakistan : Country Gender Assessment, Bridging the Gender Gap, Opportunities and Challenges," World Bank Publications - Reports 8453, The World Bank Group.
    2. Dasgupta, Sukti. & Bhula-or, Ruttiya. & Fakthong, Tiraphap., 2015. "Earnings differentials between formal and informal employment in Thailand," ILO Working Papers 994896403402676, International Labour Organization.
    3. Muhammad Irfan, 2010. "A Review of the Labour Market Research at PIDE 1957-2009," PIDE Books, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, number 2010:1 edited by Rashid Amjad & Aurangzeb A. Hashmi.
    4. Muhammad Sabir & Zehra Aftab, 2007. "Dynamism in the Gender Wage Gap: Evidence from Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 46(4), pages 865-882.
    5. Nadeem Ul Haque & Musleh-ud Din & Lubna Hasan, 2007. "Research at PIDE: Key Messages," PIDE Books, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, number 2007:2.
    6. Rehana Siddiqui & Shahnaz Hamid, 2003. "Gender, Poverty, and Occupational Choice in Poor and Non-poor Households: An Analysis Based on the Household Survey Data of Pakistan," MIMAP Technical Paper Series 2003:17, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    7. Iram Ashraf & Amjad Ali, 2018. "Socio-Economic Well-Being and Women Status in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 7(2), pages 46-58, June.
    8. Siddiqui, Rizwana, 2006. "Modelling Gender Dimensions of the Impact Of Economic Reforms in Pakistan," Conference papers 331468, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    9. Rizwana Siddiqui, 2005. "Modelling Gender Dimensions of the Impact of Economic Reforms on Time Allocation among Market, Household, and Leisure Activities in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 44(4), pages 615-639.
    10. Rizwana Siddiqui, 2004. "Modelling Gender Dimensions of the Impact of Economic Reforms on Time Allocation among Market Work, Household Work, and Leisure," PIDE Research Report 2004:185, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    11. repec:aly:journl:202186 is not listed on IDEAS
    12. Monazza Aslam & Geeta Gandhi Kingdon, 2008. "Gender and household education expenditure in Pakistan," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(20), pages 2573-2591.
    13. Durdana Qaiser Gillani & Karamat Ali, 2013. "Employment status and earning functions in urban informal sector : A case of Southern Punjab, Pakistan," Pakistan Journal of Applied Economics, Applied Economics Research Centre, vol. 23(2), pages 97-113.

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