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Mechanosensitive non-equilibrium supramolecular polymerization in closed chemical systems

Author

Listed:
  • Xianhua Lang

    (Sichuan University)

  • Yingjie Huang

    (Sichuan University)

  • Lirong He

    (Sichuan University)

  • Yixi Wang

    (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)

  • Udayabhaskararao Thumu

    (University of Electronic Science and Technology of China)

  • Zonglin Chu

    (Hunan University)

  • Wilhelm T. S. Huck

    (Radboud University)

  • Hui Zhao

    (Sichuan University)

Abstract

Chemical fuel-driven supramolecular systems have been developed showing out-of-equilibrium functions such as transient gelation and oscillations. However, these systems suffer from undesired waste accumulation and they function only in open systems. Herein, we report non-equilibrium supramolecular polymerizations in a closed system, which is built by viologens and pyranine in the presence of hydrazine hydrate. On shaking, the viologens are quickly oxidated by air followed by self-assembly of pyranine into micrometer-sized nanotubes. The self-assembled nanotubes disassemble spontaneously over time by the reduced agent, with nitrogen as the only waste product. Our mechanosensitive dissipative system can be extended to fabricate a chiral transient supramolecular helix by introducing chiral-charged small molecules. Moreover, we show that shaking induces transient fluorescence enhancement or quenching depending on substitution of viologens. Ultrasound is introduced as a specific shaking way to generate template-free reproducible patterns. Additionally, the shake-driven transient polymerization of amphiphilic naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide serves as further evidence of the versatility of our mechanosensitive non-equilibrium system.

Suggested Citation

  • Xianhua Lang & Yingjie Huang & Lirong He & Yixi Wang & Udayabhaskararao Thumu & Zonglin Chu & Wilhelm T. S. Huck & Hui Zhao, 2023. "Mechanosensitive non-equilibrium supramolecular polymerization in closed chemical systems," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-38948-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38948-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yannan Liu & Hao Wang & Shanlong Li & Chuanshuang Chen & Li Xu & Ping Huang & Feng Liu & Yue Su & Meiwei Qi & Chunyang Yu & Yongfeng Zhou, 2020. "In situ supramolecular polymerization-enhanced self-assembly of polymer vesicles for highly efficient photothermal therapy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-12, December.
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