Multi-objective optimization of battery thermal management system based on a novel embedded hybrid cooling plate considering time-based early shutdown strategy

To enhance the operating performance of the lithium-ion battery module during high-rate discharge with lower energy consumption, a novel embedded hybrid cooling plate (EHCP) coupled with wavy liquid cooling channels and phase change material (PCM) was proposed for the thermal management of a prismatic battery module. The numerical model of the battery thermal management system (BTMS) was developed and validated by experimental data. The effects of key operating parameters on the thermal management performance were systematically investigated through single-factor analysis. Three different control strategies were compared, and the time-based early shutdown strategy exhibited a better performance in reducing the maximum temperature difference and flow energy consumption for active cooling. Then, a reliable multi-objective optimization algorithm (MOGA) was adopted to obtain the optimal operating parameters of the BTMS including PCM thermophysical properties, coolant inlet temperature and velocity, and liquid cooling shutdown time. The result showed that the maximum temperature and maximum single-cell temperature difference of the battery module could be controlled at 39.75 °C and 4.91 °C, while the flow energy consumption was reduced by 80.80 % compared to the continuous liquid cooling mode under 3C discharge with an ambient temperature of 30 °C. These results imply that the proposed BTMS has adequate thermal management capacity and the potential for practical application.