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Chromatin sequesters pioneer transcription factor Sox2 from exerting force on DNA

Author

Listed:
  • Tuan Nguyen

    (The Rockefeller University
    Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program)

  • Sai Li

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Jeremy T-H Chang

    (The Rockefeller University
    Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program)

  • John W. Watters

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Htet Ng

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Adewola Osunsade

    (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)

  • Yael David

    (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)

  • Shixin Liu

    (The Rockefeller University)

Abstract

Biomolecular condensation constitutes an emerging mechanism for transcriptional regulation. Recent studies suggest that the co-condensation between transcription factors (TFs) and DNA can generate mechanical forces driving genome rearrangements. However, the reported forces generated by protein-DNA co-condensation are typically below one piconewton (pN), questioning its physiological significance. Moreover, the force-generating capacity of these condensates in the chromatin context remains unknown. Here, we show that Sox2, a nucleosome-binding pioneer TF, forms co-condensates with DNA and generates forces up to 7 pN, exerting considerable mechanical tension on DNA strands. We find that the disordered domains of Sox2 are required for maximum force generation but not for condensate formation. Furthermore, we show that nucleosomes dramatically attenuate the mechanical stress exerted by Sox2 by sequestering it from coalescing on bare DNA. Our findings reveal that TF-mediated DNA condensation can exert significant mechanical stress on the genome which can nonetheless be attenuated by the chromatin architecture.

Suggested Citation

  • Tuan Nguyen & Sai Li & Jeremy T-H Chang & John W. Watters & Htet Ng & Adewola Osunsade & Yael David & Shixin Liu, 2022. "Chromatin sequesters pioneer transcription factor Sox2 from exerting force on DNA," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-31738-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31738-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sveinn Bjarnason & Jordan A. P. McIvor & Andreas Prestel & Kinga S. Demény & Jakob T. Bullerjahn & Birthe B. Kragelund & Davide Mercadante & Pétur O. Heidarsson, 2024. "DNA binding redistributes activation domain ensemble and accessibility in pioneer factor Sox2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, December.

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