IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v13y2022i1d10.1038_s41467-022-31454-6.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Scanning gradiometry with a single spin quantum magnetometer

Author

Listed:
  • W. S. Huxter

    (ETH Zurich)

  • M. L. Palm

    (ETH Zurich)

  • M. L. Davis

    (ETH Zurich)

  • P. Welter

    (ETH Zurich)

  • C.-H. Lambert

    (ETH Zurich)

  • M. Trassin

    (ETH Zurich)

  • C. L. Degen

    (ETH Zurich
    ETH Zurich)

Abstract

Quantum sensors based on spin defects in diamond have recently enabled detailed imaging of nanoscale magnetic patterns, such as chiral spin textures, two-dimensional ferromagnets, or superconducting vortices, based on a measurement of the static magnetic stray field. Here, we demonstrate a gradiometry technique that significantly enhances the measurement sensitivity of such static fields, leading to new opportunities in the imaging of weakly magnetic systems. Our method relies on the mechanical oscillation of a single nitrogen-vacancy center at the tip of a scanning diamond probe, which up-converts the local spatial gradients into ac magnetic fields enabling the use of sensitive ac quantum protocols. We show that gradiometry provides important advantages over static field imaging: (i) an order-of-magnitude better sensitivity, (ii) a more localized and sharper image, and (iii) a strong suppression of field drifts. We demonstrate the capabilities of gradiometry by imaging the nanotesla fields appearing above topographic defects and atomic steps in an antiferromagnet, direct currents in a graphene device, and para- and diamagnetic metals.

Suggested Citation

  • W. S. Huxter & M. L. Palm & M. L. Davis & P. Welter & C.-H. Lambert & M. Trassin & C. L. Degen, 2022. "Scanning gradiometry with a single spin quantum magnetometer," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-31454-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31454-6
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-31454-6
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-022-31454-6?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. M. Fiebig & Th. Lottermoser & D. Fröhlich & A. V. Goltsev & R. V. Pisarev, 2002. "Observation of coupled magnetic and electric domains," Nature, Nature, vol. 419(6909), pages 818-820, October.
    2. Ke Bian & Wentian Zheng & Xianzhe Zeng & Xiakun Chen & Rainer Stöhr & Andrej Denisenko & Sen Yang & Jörg Wrachtrup & Ying Jiang, 2021. "Nanoscale electric-field imaging based on a quantum sensor and its charge-state control under ambient condition," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Y. Dovzhenko & F. Casola & S. Schlotter & T. X. Zhou & F. Büttner & R. L. Walsworth & G. S. D. Beach & A. Yacoby, 2018. "Magnetostatic twists in room-temperature skyrmions explored by nitrogen-vacancy center spin texture reconstruction," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-7, December.
    4. X. Z. Yu & Y. Onose & N. Kanazawa & J. H. Park & J. H. Han & Y. Matsui & N. Nagaosa & Y. Tokura, 2010. "Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal," Nature, Nature, vol. 465(7300), pages 901-904, June.
    5. I. Gross & W. Akhtar & V. Garcia & L. J. Martínez & S. Chouaieb & K. Garcia & C. Carrétéro & A. Barthélémy & P. Appel & P. Maletinsky & J.-V. Kim & J. Y. Chauleau & N. Jaouen & M. Viret & M. Bibes & S, 2017. "Real-space imaging of non-collinear antiferromagnetic order with a single-spin magnetometer," Nature, Nature, vol. 549(7671), pages 252-256, September.
    6. D. Rugar & R. Budakian & H. J. Mamin & B. W. Chui, 2004. "Single spin detection by magnetic resonance force microscopy," Nature, Nature, vol. 430(6997), pages 329-332, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Peter Meisenheimer & Guy Moore & Shiyu Zhou & Hongrui Zhang & Xiaoxi Huang & Sajid Husain & Xianzhe Chen & Lane W. Martin & Kristin A. Persson & Sinéad Griffin & Lucas Caretta & Paul Stevenson & Ramam, 2024. "Switching the spin cycloid in BiFeO3 with an electric field," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Hikaru Takeda & Masataka Kawano & Kyo Tamura & Masatoshi Akazawa & Jian Yan & Takeshi Waki & Hiroyuki Nakamura & Kazuki Sato & Yasuo Narumi & Masayuki Hagiwara & Minoru Yamashita & Chisa Hotta, 2024. "Magnon thermal Hall effect via emergent SU(3) flux on the antiferromagnetic skyrmion lattice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Yahong Chai & Yuhan Liang & Cancheng Xiao & Yue Wang & Bo Li & Dingsong Jiang & Pratap Pal & Yongjian Tang & Hetian Chen & Yuejie Zhang & Hao Bai & Teng Xu & Wanjun Jiang & Witold Skowroński & Qinghua, 2024. "Voltage control of multiferroic magnon torque for reconfigurable logic-in-memory," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. Roméo Juge & Naveen Sisodia & Joseba Urrestarazu Larrañaga & Qiang Zhang & Van Tuong Pham & Kumari Gaurav Rana & Brice Sarpi & Nicolas Mille & Stefan Stanescu & Rachid Belkhou & Mohamad-Assaad Mawass , 2022. "Skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnets and their nucleation via electrical current and ultra-fast laser illumination," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Satoru Hayami & Tsuyoshi Okubo & Yukitoshi Motome, 2021. "Phase shift in skyrmion crystals," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-6, December.
    6. Hanqing Zhao & Boris A. Malomed & Ivan I. Smalyukh, 2023. "Topological solitonic macromolecules," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    7. Deepak Singh & Yukako Fujishiro & Satoru Hayami & Samuel H. Moody & Takuya Nomoto & Priya R. Baral & Victor Ukleev & Robert Cubitt & Nina-Juliane Steinke & Dariusz J. Gawryluk & Ekaterina Pomjakushina, 2023. "Transition between distinct hybrid skyrmion textures through their hexagonal-to-square crystal transformation in a polar magnet," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    8. Fehmi Sami Yasin & Jan Masell & Kosuke Karube & Daisuke Shindo & Yasujiro Taguchi & Yoshinori Tokura & Xiuzhen Yu, 2023. "Heat current-driven topological spin texture transformations and helical q-vector switching," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    9. Pyeongjae Park & Woonghee Cho & Chaebin Kim & Yeochan An & Yoon-Gu Kang & Maxim Avdeev & Romain Sibille & Kazuki Iida & Ryoichi Kajimoto & Ki Hoon Lee & Woori Ju & En-Jin Cho & Han-Jin Noh & Myung Joo, 2023. "Tetrahedral triple-Q magnetic ordering and large spontaneous Hall conductivity in the metallic triangular antiferromagnet Co1/3TaS2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    10. Rugang Geng & Adrian Mena & William J. Pappas & Dane R. McCamey, 2023. "Sub-micron spin-based magnetic field imaging with an organic light emitting diode," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    11. Yongsen Zhang & Jin Tang & Yaodong Wu & Meng Shi & Xitong Xu & Shouguo Wang & Mingliang Tian & Haifeng Du, 2024. "Stable skyrmion bundles at room temperature and zero magnetic field in a chiral magnet," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    12. Xiaowei Lv & Hualiang Lv & Yalei Huang & Ruixuan Zhang & Guanhua Qin & Yihui Dong & Min Liu & Ke Pei & Guixin Cao & Jincang Zhang & Yuxiang Lai & Renchao Che, 2024. "Distinct skyrmion phases at room temperature in two-dimensional ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    13. Pingfan Gu & Cong Wang & Dan Su & Zehao Dong & Qiuyuan Wang & Zheng Han & Kenji Watanabe & Takashi Taniguchi & Wei Ji & Young Sun & Yu Ye, 2023. "Multi-state data storage in a two-dimensional stripy antiferromagnet implemented by magnetoelectric effect," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    14. Sajid Husain & Isaac Harris & Peter Meisenheimer & Sukriti Mantri & Xinyan Li & Maya Ramesh & Piush Behera & Hossein Taghinejad & Jaegyu Kim & Pravin Kavle & Shiyu Zhou & Tae Yeon Kim & Hongrui Zhang , 2024. "Non-volatile magnon transport in a single domain multiferroic," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    15. Zhuoyang Qin & Zhecheng Wang & Fei Kong & Jia Su & Zhehua Huang & Pengju Zhao & Sanyou Chen & Qi Zhang & Fazhan Shi & Jiangfeng Du, 2023. "In situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using single nanodiamond sensors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    16. Yuan Yao & Bei Ding & Jinjing Liang & Hang Li & Xi Shen & Richeng Yu & Wenhong Wang, 2022. "Chirality flips of skyrmion bubbles," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
    17. Hao Zhang & Zhentao Wang & David Dahlbom & Kipton Barros & Cristian D. Batista, 2023. "CP2 skyrmions and skyrmion crystals in realistic quantum magnets," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.
    18. Mengfan Guo & Erxiang Xu & Houbing Huang & Changqing Guo & Hetian Chen & Shulin Chen & Shan He & Le Zhou & Jing Ma & Zhonghui Shen & Ben Xu & Di Yi & Peng Gao & Ce-Wen Nan & Neil. D. Mathur & Yang She, 2024. "Electrically and mechanically driven rotation of polar spirals in a relaxor ferroelectric polymer," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    19. Yao Guang & Xichao Zhang & Yizhou Liu & Licong Peng & Fehmi Sami Yasin & Kosuke Karube & Daisuke Nakamura & Naoto Nagaosa & Yasujiro Taguchi & Masahito Mochizuki & Yoshinori Tokura & Xiuzhen Yu, 2024. "Confined antiskyrmion motion driven by electric current excitations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    20. Claas Abert, 2019. "Micromagnetics and spintronics: models and numerical methods," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 92(6), pages 1-45, June.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-31454-6. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.