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Expansion of cytotoxic tissue-resident CD8+ T cells and CCR6+CD161+ CD4+ T cells in the nasal mucosa following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination

Author

Listed:
  • Aloysious Ssemaganda

    (University of Manitoba)

  • Huong Mai Nguyen

    (University of Manitoba)

  • Faisal Nuhu

    (University of Manitoba)

  • Naima Jahan

    (University of Manitoba)

  • Catherine M. Card

    (University of Manitoba
    National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada)

  • Sandra Kiazyk

    (University of Manitoba
    National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada)

  • Giulia Severini

    (University of Manitoba)

  • Yoav Keynan

    (University of Manitoba)

  • Ruey-Chyi Su

    (University of Manitoba
    National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada)

  • Hezhao Ji

    (University of Manitoba
    National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada)

  • Bernard Abrenica

    (National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada)

  • Paul J. McLaren

    (University of Manitoba
    National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada)

  • T. Blake Ball

    (University of Manitoba
    National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada)

  • Jared Bullard

    (University of Manitoba
    Cadham Provincial Laboratory
    University of Manitoba)

  • Paul Van Caeseele

    (University of Manitoba
    Cadham Provincial Laboratory)

  • Derek Stein

    (University of Manitoba
    Cadham Provincial Laboratory)

  • Lyle R. McKinnon

    (University of Manitoba
    National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada
    Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA))

Abstract

Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have shown high efficacy in clinical trials, yet a full immunologic characterization of these vaccines, particularly within the human upper respiratory tract, is less well known. Here, we enumerate and phenotype T cells in nasal mucosa and blood using flow cytometry before and after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (n = 21). Tissue-resident memory (Trm) CD8+ T cells expressing CD69+CD103+ increase in number ~12 days following the first and second doses, by 0.31 and 0.43 log10 cells per swab respectively (p = 0.058 and p = 0.009 in adjusted linear mixed models). CD69+CD103+CD8+ T cells in the blood decrease post-vaccination. Similar increases in nasal CD8+CD69+CD103− T cells are observed, particularly following the second dose. CD4+ cells co-expressing CCR6 and CD161 are also increased in abundance following both doses. Stimulation of nasal CD8+ T cells with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides elevates expression of CD107a at 2- and 6-months (p = 0.0096) post second vaccine dose, with a subset of donors also expressing increased cytokines. These data suggest that nasal T cells may be induced and contribute to the protective immunity afforded by this vaccine.

Suggested Citation

  • Aloysious Ssemaganda & Huong Mai Nguyen & Faisal Nuhu & Naima Jahan & Catherine M. Card & Sandra Kiazyk & Giulia Severini & Yoav Keynan & Ruey-Chyi Su & Hezhao Ji & Bernard Abrenica & Paul J. McLaren , 2022. "Expansion of cytotoxic tissue-resident CD8+ T cells and CCR6+CD161+ CD4+ T cells in the nasal mucosa following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-30913-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30913-4
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