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E-Cigarette Vapour Increases ACE2 and TMPRSS2 Expression in a Flavour- and Nicotine-Dependent Manner

Author

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  • Rhys Hamon

    (School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
    Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide 5000, Australia)

  • Miranda P. Ween

    (School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
    Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia)

Abstract

COVID-19 infects via the respiratory system, but it can affect multiple systems and lead to multi system failure. There is growing evidence that smoking may be associated with higher rates of COVID-19 infections and worse outcomes due to increased levels of ACE2 in lung epithelial cells, but it is unknown whether E-cigarette use may lead to increased risk of COVID-19 infection from the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this study, healthy donor bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or nicotine or flavoured E-cigarette vapour extract (EVE) before the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 recognition receptors ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes. MDMs exposed to CSE and Tobacco EVE showed increased ACE2 expression; however, no treatment altered the TMPRSS2 expression. ACE2 was found to be upregulated by >2-fold in NHBE cells exposed to CSE, as well as nicotine, banana, or chocolate EVE, while TMPRSS2 was only upregulated by CSE or nicotine EVE exposure. These findings suggesting that flavourings can increase ACE2 expression in multiple cell types, while TMPRSS2 expression increases are limited to the epithelial cells in airways and may be limited to nicotine and/or cigarette smoke exposure. Therefore, increased risk of COVID-19 infection cannot be ruled out for vapers.

Suggested Citation

  • Rhys Hamon & Miranda P. Ween, 2022. "E-Cigarette Vapour Increases ACE2 and TMPRSS2 Expression in a Flavour- and Nicotine-Dependent Manner," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-12, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:22:p:14955-:d:971624
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; coronavirus; E-cigarettes; nicotine; cigarette; ACE-2; TMPRSS2;
    All these keywords.

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