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Human coronavirus OC43-elicited CD4+ T cells protect against SARS-CoV-2 in HLA transgenic mice

Author

Listed:
  • Rúbens Prince dos Santos Alves

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Julia Timis

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Robyn Miller

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Kristen Valentine

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Paolla Beatriz Almeida Pinto

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Andrew Gonzalez

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Jose Angel Regla-Nava

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology
    University Center for Health Science (CUCS), University of Guadalajara)

  • Erin Maule

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Michael N. Nguyen

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Norazizah Shafee

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Sara Landeras-Bueno

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Eduardo Olmedillas

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Brett Laffey

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Katarzyna Dobaczewska

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Zbigniew Mikulski

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Sara McArdle

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Sarah R. Leist

    (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

  • Kenneth Kim

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Ralph S. Baric

    (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
    University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

  • Erica Ollmann Saphire

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology
    University of California, San Diego (UCSD))

  • Annie Elong Ngono

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

  • Sujan Shresta

    (La Jolla Institute for Immunology)

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells are detected in some healthy unexposed individuals. Human studies indicate these T cells could be elicited by the common cold coronavirus OC43. To directly test this assumption and define the role of OC43-elicited T cells that are cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2, we develop a model of sequential infections with OC43 followed by SARS-CoV-2 in HLA-B*0702 and HLA-DRB1*0101 Ifnar1−/− transgenic mice. We find that OC43 infection can elicit polyfunctional CD8+ and CD4+ effector T cells that cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 peptides. Furthermore, pre-exposure to OC43 reduces subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease in the lung for a short-term in HLA-DRB1*0101 Ifnar1−/− transgenic mice, and a longer-term in HLA-B*0702 Ifnar1−/− transgenic mice. Depletion of CD4+ T cells in HLA-DRB1*0101 Ifnar1−/− transgenic mice with prior OC43 exposure results in increased viral burden in the lung but no change in virus-induced lung damage following infection with SARS-CoV-2 (versus CD4+ T cell-sufficient mice), demonstrating that the OC43-elicited SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive T cell-mediated cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 is partially dependent on CD4+ T cells. These findings contribute to our understanding of the origin of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells and their effects on SARS-CoV-2 clinical outcomes, and also carry implications for development of broadly protective betacoronavirus vaccines.

Suggested Citation

  • Rúbens Prince dos Santos Alves & Julia Timis & Robyn Miller & Kristen Valentine & Paolla Beatriz Almeida Pinto & Andrew Gonzalez & Jose Angel Regla-Nava & Erin Maule & Michael N. Nguyen & Norazizah Sh, 2024. "Human coronavirus OC43-elicited CD4+ T cells protect against SARS-CoV-2 in HLA transgenic mice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-20, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:15:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-024-45043-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45043-2
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