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Limited induction of polyfunctional lung-resident memory T cells against SARS-CoV-2 by mRNA vaccination compared to infection

Author

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  • Daan K. J. Pieren

    (Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus)

  • Sebastián G. Kuguel

    (Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus)

  • Joel Rosado

    (Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus)

  • Alba G. Robles

    (Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus)

  • Joan Rey-Cano

    (Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus)

  • Cristina Mancebo

    (Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus)

  • Juliana Esperalba

    (Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus)

  • Vicenç Falcó

    (Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus)

  • María J. Buzón

    (Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus)

  • Meritxell Genescà

    (Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus)

Abstract

Resident memory T cells (TRM) present at the respiratory tract may be essential to enhance early SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance, thus limiting viral infection and disease. While long-term antigen-specific TRM are detectable beyond 11 months in the lung of convalescent COVID-19 patients, it is unknown if mRNA vaccination encoding for the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein can induce this frontline protection. Here we show that the frequency of CD4+ T cells secreting IFNγ in response to S-peptides is variable but overall similar in the lung of mRNA-vaccinated patients compared to convalescent-infected patients. However, in vaccinated patients, lung responses present less frequently a TRM phenotype compared to convalescent infected individuals and polyfunctional CD107a+ IFNγ+ TRM are virtually absent in vaccinated patients. These data indicate that mRNA vaccination induces specific T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the lung parenchyma, although to a limited extend. It remains to be determined whether these vaccine-induced responses contribute to overall COVID-19 control.

Suggested Citation

  • Daan K. J. Pieren & Sebastián G. Kuguel & Joel Rosado & Alba G. Robles & Joan Rey-Cano & Cristina Mancebo & Juliana Esperalba & Vicenç Falcó & María J. Buzón & Meritxell Genescà, 2023. "Limited induction of polyfunctional lung-resident memory T cells against SARS-CoV-2 by mRNA vaccination compared to infection," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:14:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-023-37559-w
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37559-w
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