IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/natcom/v13y2022i1d10.1038_s41467-022-28767-x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A programmable qudit-based quantum processor

Author

Listed:
  • Yulin Chi

    (Peking University)

  • Jieshan Huang

    (Peking University)

  • Zhanchuan Zhang

    (Peking University)

  • Jun Mao

    (Peking University)

  • Zinan Zhou

    (Peking University)

  • Xiaojiong Chen

    (Peking University)

  • Chonghao Zhai

    (Peking University)

  • Jueming Bao

    (Peking University)

  • Tianxiang Dai

    (Peking University)

  • Huihong Yuan

    (Peking University
    Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences)

  • Ming Zhang

    (Zhejiang University)

  • Daoxin Dai

    (Zhejiang University)

  • Bo Tang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Yan Yang

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Zhihua Li

    (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Yunhong Ding

    (Technical University of Denmark
    Technical University of Denmark)

  • Leif K. Oxenløwe

    (Technical University of Denmark
    Technical University of Denmark)

  • Mark G. Thompson

    (University of Bristol)

  • Jeremy L. O’Brien

    (The University of Western Australia)

  • Yan Li

    (Peking University
    Peking University
    Shanxi University
    Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics)

  • Qihuang Gong

    (Peking University
    Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
    Peking University
    Shanxi University)

  • Jianwei Wang

    (Peking University
    Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences
    Peking University
    Shanxi University)

Abstract

Controlling and programming quantum devices to process quantum information by the unit of quantum dit, i.e., qudit, provides the possibilities for noise-resilient quantum communications, delicate quantum molecular simulations, and efficient quantum computations, showing great potential to enhance the capabilities of qubit-based quantum technologies. Here, we report a programmable qudit-based quantum processor in silicon-photonic integrated circuits and demonstrate its enhancement of quantum computational parallelism. The processor monolithically integrates all the key functionalities and capabilities of initialisation, manipulation, and measurement of the two quantum quart (ququart) states and multi-value quantum-controlled logic gates with high-level fidelities. By reprogramming the configuration of the processor, we implemented the most basic quantum Fourier transform algorithms, all in quaternary, to benchmark the enhancement of quantum parallelism using qudits, which include generalised Deutsch-Jozsa and Bernstein-Vazirani algorithms, quaternary phase estimation and fast factorization algorithms. The monolithic integration and high programmability have allowed the implementations of more than one million high-fidelity preparations, operations and projections of qudit states in the processor. Our work shows an integrated photonic quantum technology for qudit-based quantum computing with enhanced capacity, accuracy, and efficiency, which could lead to the acceleration of building a large-scale quantum computer.

Suggested Citation

  • Yulin Chi & Jieshan Huang & Zhanchuan Zhang & Jun Mao & Zinan Zhou & Xiaojiong Chen & Chonghao Zhai & Jueming Bao & Tianxiang Dai & Huihong Yuan & Ming Zhang & Daoxin Dai & Bo Tang & Yan Yang & Zhihua, 2022. "A programmable qudit-based quantum processor," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-28767-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28767-x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-28767-x
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/s41467-022-28767-x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jeremy C. Adcock & Caterina Vigliar & Raffaele Santagati & Joshua W. Silverstone & Mark G. Thompson, 2019. "Programmable four-photon graph states on a silicon chip," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 10(1), pages 1-6, December.
    2. Frank Arute & Kunal Arya & Ryan Babbush & Dave Bacon & Joseph C. Bardin & Rami Barends & Rupak Biswas & Sergio Boixo & Fernando G. S. L. Brandao & David A. Buell & Brian Burkett & Yu Chen & Zijun Chen, 2019. "Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor," Nature, Nature, vol. 574(7779), pages 505-510, October.
    3. S. Paesani & M. Borghi & S. Signorini & A. Maïnos & L. Pavesi & A. Laing, 2020. "Near-ideal spontaneous photon sources in silicon quantum photonics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-6, December.
    4. Soonwon Choi & Joonhee Choi & Renate Landig & Georg Kucsko & Hengyun Zhou & Junichi Isoya & Fedor Jelezko & Shinobu Onoda & Hitoshi Sumiya & Vedika Khemani & Curt von Keyserlingk & Norman Y. Yao & Eug, 2017. "Observation of discrete time-crystalline order in a disordered dipolar many-body system," Nature, Nature, vol. 543(7644), pages 221-225, March.
    5. John A. Smolin & Graeme Smith & Alexander Vargo, 2013. "Oversimplifying quantum factoring," Nature, Nature, vol. 499(7457), pages 163-165, July.
    6. T. F. Watson & S. G. J. Philips & E. Kawakami & D. R. Ward & P. Scarlino & M. Veldhorst & D. E. Savage & M. G. Lagally & Mark Friesen & S. N. Coppersmith & M. A. Eriksson & L. M. K. Vandersypen, 2018. "A programmable two-qubit quantum processor in silicon," Nature, Nature, vol. 555(7698), pages 633-637, March.
    7. Sheng-Kai Liao & Wen-Qi Cai & Wei-Yue Liu & Liang Zhang & Yang Li & Ji-Gang Ren & Juan Yin & Qi Shen & Yuan Cao & Zheng-Ping Li & Feng-Zhi Li & Xia-Wei Chen & Li-Hua Sun & Jian-Jun Jia & Jin-Cai Wu & , 2017. "Satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution," Nature, Nature, vol. 549(7670), pages 43-47, September.
    8. Xiaojiong Chen & Yaohao Deng & Shuheng Liu & Tanumoy Pramanik & Jun Mao & Jueming Bao & Chonghao Zhai & Tianxiang Dai & Huihong Yuan & Jiajie Guo & Shao-Ming Fei & Marcus Huber & Bo Tang & Yan Yang & , 2021. "A generalized multipath delayed-choice experiment on a large-scale quantum nanophotonic chip," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.
    9. S. Debnath & N. M. Linke & C. Figgatt & K. A. Landsman & K. Wright & C. Monroe, 2016. "Demonstration of a small programmable quantum computer with atomic qubits," Nature, Nature, vol. 536(7614), pages 63-66, August.
    10. Lan-Tian Feng & Ming Zhang & Zhi-Yuan Zhou & Ming Li & Xiao Xiong & Le Yu & Bao-Sen Shi & Guo-Ping Guo & Dao-Xin Dai & Xi-Feng Ren & Guang-Can Guo, 2016. "On-chip coherent conversion of photonic quantum entanglement between different degrees of freedom," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-7, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Pavel Hrmo & Benjamin Wilhelm & Lukas Gerster & Martin W. Mourik & Marcus Huber & Rainer Blatt & Philipp Schindler & Thomas Monz & Martin Ringbauer, 2023. "Native qudit entanglement in a trapped ion quantum processor," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-6, December.
    2. Jieshan Huang & Xudong Li & Xiaojiong Chen & Chonghao Zhai & Yun Zheng & Yulin Chi & Yan Li & Qiongyi He & Qihuang Gong & Jianwei Wang, 2024. "Demonstration of hypergraph-state quantum information processing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Noah Goss & Alexis Morvan & Brian Marinelli & Bradley K. Mitchell & Long B. Nguyen & Ravi K. Naik & Larry Chen & Christian Jünger & John Mark Kreikebaum & David I. Santiago & Joel J. Wallman & Irfan S, 2022. "High-fidelity qutrit entangling gates for superconducting circuits," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-6, December.
    4. Irene Fernández de Fuentes & Tim Botzem & Mark A. I. Johnson & Arjen Vaartjes & Serwan Asaad & Vincent Mourik & Fay E. Hudson & Kohei M. Itoh & Brett C. Johnson & Alexander M. Jakob & Jeffrey C. McCal, 2024. "Navigating the 16-dimensional Hilbert space of a high-spin donor qudit with electric and magnetic fields," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.
    5. Maoliang Wei & Kai Xu & Bo Tang & Junying Li & Yiting Yun & Peng Zhang & Yingchun Wu & Kangjian Bao & Kunhao Lei & Zequn Chen & Hui Ma & Chunlei Sun & Ruonan Liu & Ming Li & Lan Li & Hongtao Lin, 2024. "Monolithic back-end-of-line integration of phase change materials into foundry-manufactured silicon photonics," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jieshan Huang & Xudong Li & Xiaojiong Chen & Chonghao Zhai & Yun Zheng & Yulin Chi & Yan Li & Qiongyi He & Qihuang Gong & Jianwei Wang, 2024. "Demonstration of hypergraph-state quantum information processing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Liang Xiang & Jiachen Chen & Zitian Zhu & Zixuan Song & Zehang Bao & Xuhao Zhu & Feitong Jin & Ke Wang & Shibo Xu & Yiren Zou & Hekang Li & Zhen Wang & Chao Song & Alexander Yue & Justine Partridge & , 2024. "Enhanced quantum state transfer by circumventing quantum chaotic behavior," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    3. Sitan Chen & Jordan Cotler & Hsin-Yuan Huang & Jerry Li, 2023. "The complexity of NISQ," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-6, December.
    4. Dennis Willsch & Madita Willsch & Fengping Jin & Hans De Raedt & Kristel Michielsen, 2023. "Large-Scale Simulation of Shor’s Quantum Factoring Algorithm," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-38, October.
    5. Florian Fesquet & Fabian Kronowetter & Michael Renger & Wun Kwan Yam & Simon Gandorfer & Kunihiro Inomata & Yasunobu Nakamura & Achim Marx & Rudolf Gross & Kirill G. Fedorov, 2024. "Demonstration of microwave single-shot quantum key distribution," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-8, December.
    6. Reinhold Kleiner & Xianjing Zhou & Eric Dorsch & Xufeng Zhang & Dieter Koelle & Dafei Jin, 2021. "Space-time crystalline order of a high-critical-temperature superconductor with intrinsic Josephson junctions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-10, December.
    7. Tong Liu & Shang Liu & Hekang Li & Hao Li & Kaixuan Huang & Zhongcheng Xiang & Xiaohui Song & Kai Xu & Dongning Zheng & Heng Fan, 2023. "Observation of entanglement transition of pseudo-random mixed states," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-7, December.
    8. Sofia Priazhkina & Samuel Palmer & Pablo Martín-Ramiro & Román Orús & Samuel Mugel & Vladimir Skavysh, 2024. "Digital Payments in Firm Networks: Theory of Adoption and Quantum Algorithm," Staff Working Papers 24-17, Bank of Canada.
    9. X. L. He & Yong Lu & D. Q. Bao & Hang Xue & W. B. Jiang & Z. Wang & A. F. Roudsari & Per Delsing & J. S. Tsai & Z. R. Lin, 2023. "Fast generation of Schrödinger cat states using a Kerr-tunable superconducting resonator," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    10. Hu, Jie-Ru & Zhang, Zuo-Yuan & Liu, Jin-Ming, 2024. "Implementation of three-qubit Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm with pendular states of polar molecules by optimal control," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 635(C).
    11. Brian Paquelet Wuetz & Merritt P. Losert & Sebastian Koelling & Lucas E. A. Stehouwer & Anne-Marije J. Zwerver & Stephan G. J. Philips & Mateusz T. Mądzik & Xiao Xue & Guoji Zheng & Mario Lodari & Ser, 2022. "Atomic fluctuations lifting the energy degeneracy in Si/SiGe quantum dots," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.
    12. Huang, Fangyu & Tan, Xiaoqing & Huang, Rui & Xu, Qingshan, 2022. "Variational convolutional neural networks classifiers," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 605(C).
    13. Thomas McJunkin & Benjamin Harpt & Yi Feng & Merritt P. Losert & Rajib Rahman & J. P. Dodson & M. A. Wolfe & D. E. Savage & M. G. Lagally & S. N. Coppersmith & Mark Friesen & Robert Joynt & M. A. Erik, 2022. "SiGe quantum wells with oscillating Ge concentrations for quantum dot qubits," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
    14. Jesús Fernández-Villaverde & Isaiah J. Hull, 2023. "Dynamic Programming on a Quantum Annealer: Solving the RBC Model," NBER Working Papers 31326, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    15. Maryam Moghimi & Herbert W. Corley, 2020. "Information Loss Due to the Data Reduction of Sample Data from Discrete Distributions," Data, MDPI, vol. 5(3), pages 1-18, September.
    16. Abha Naik & Esra Yeniaras & Gerhard Hellstern & Grishma Prasad & Sanjay Kumar Lalta Prasad Vishwakarma, 2023. "From Portfolio Optimization to Quantum Blockchain and Security: A Systematic Review of Quantum Computing in Finance," Papers 2307.01155, arXiv.org.
    17. Xianchuang Pan & Yuxuan Zhou & Haolan Yuan & Lifu Nie & Weiwei Wei & Libo Zhang & Jian Li & Song Liu & Zhi Hao Jiang & Gianluigi Catelani & Ling Hu & Fei Yan & Dapeng Yu, 2022. "Engineering superconducting qubits to reduce quasiparticles and charge noise," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, December.
    18. Ducuara, Andrés F. & Susa, Cristian E. & Reina, John H., 2022. "Emergence of maximal hidden quantum correlations and its trade-off with the filtering probability in dissipative two-qubit systems," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 594(C).
    19. Nikolaos Schetakis & Davit Aghamalyan & Michael Boguslavsky & Agnieszka Rees & Marc Rakotomalala & Paul Robert Griffin, 2024. "Quantum Machine Learning for Credit Scoring," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-12, May.
    20. Jake Rochman & Tian Xie & John G. Bartholomew & K. C. Schwab & Andrei Faraon, 2023. "Microwave-to-optical transduction with erbium ions coupled to planar photonic and superconducting resonators," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-28767-x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.